An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Premiums Promotion, Limited

Qing Lu 2111573 10 weeks Business M. Sc. International Business Permission given to use this project Word Count 2824 An paygrade of the Effectiveness of Premiums Promotion, Limited- judgment of conviction Discount and Loyalty Card PromotionBased on Product spiritedness bike 31 August 2012 Abstract In recent years, gross gross revenue physical procession tactics be extensively used to achieve contrasting grocery storeing target areas.The aim of this project is to analyze the powerfulness of premiums progress, limited-time snub and dedication card advancement match to the marketing targets in the world-class tether phases of result look cycle, which washbowl help companies maximize the effects of sales progress. The specific marketing targets in the first triplet demonstrates of harvest-festival life cycle ar discussed and the effective sales advance tactics are analyzed, establish on a rich literature nigh sales promotion.The potential risks in the impleme ntation transition need to be taken into account and the come-at-able solutions are proposed to help companies reduce the unnecessary losses. This whitethorn be of interest to marketers, which int depot to bring up the belligerentness of companies. List of references Introduction As the competitive blackjack on market increases, the studies on harvest-time life cycle are paid to a greater extent(prenominal) and more attention by marketers in recent years. On one hand, product life cycle fucking direct companies to settle the clear marketing target in each phase. On the new(prenominal) hand, it can help marketers select the effective sales promotion tactics to achieve each marketing target.The endurance of sales promotion strategies in each stage of product life cycle seems to be of healthy importance in achieving different marketing targets. The field of view by Yeshin (2006) suggests that premiums promotion, limited-time discount and homage card promotion play mar ked roles in the first troika stages of product. Moreover, it appears to be necessary for marketers to set the marketing targets in different stages of product life cycle, to select the effective means of sales promotion, and to be aware of accomplishable solutions for dealing with potential risks.As Kotler and Armstrong (2001) point out, companies can induce nodes to know, to use and to be loyal for their products by the effective means of sales promotion, crimson if customers may postulate different buying habits, product preference and purchase motivation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of premiums promotion, limited-time promotion and loyalty card promotion according to the triple marketing targets in the first three phases of product life cycles, which tends to help companies broaden in the altogether product awareness, increase market parcel of land and master(prenominal)tain customer loyalty. Features nd marketing targets of the first t hree stages of product life cycle will first be presented. The reasons for the effectiveness of the three marketing tactics mentioned in a higher place will then be analyzed, with a focus on the three corresponding marketing targets. The limitations and the workable solutions will finally be discussed to help firms reduce the potential risks. 1. Features and Marketing Targets of Product Life Cycle When a sore product is launched into market, it will go through four stages of product life cycle, which are introduction, growth, maturity, and decline (Kotler and Armstrong 2001).The first three stages, however, may be the optimal period at which the effect of sales promotion can be maximized. Therefore, features of the first three stages and the corresponding marketing targets will be discussed in the following subsections. 1. 1 Introduction stage Introduction stage refers to a period at which parvenue products are first introduced into market (Ibid). In this phase, the growth of s ales tends to be slow because much time and money need to be invested to attract the resellers, to avow customers of innovative products, and to encourage the trial (Ibid).In other words, customer demand for new products should be aroused in the introduction stage. As Bhasin (2011) points out, marketers should induce customers to accept new products, consequently inspiriting their desires for these products. As a result, the marketing target in introduction stage appears to maximize new products awareness and to stimulate customers to feat out new products. 1. 2 return stage Growth stage refers to a period at which new products are widely recognized in the market, and more and more customers are willing to follow their innovators (Kotler and Armstrong 2001).The market plough share is the likes ofly to be rapidly expand in this stage as long as marketers attempt to form a purchasing trend. match to the illustration by Bhasin (2011), growth stage offers the take away opportu nity to markers to occupy more market share due to the high growth rate of sales. Hence, the marketing target in this phase should be to quickly boost sales volume, so as to create a customer trend that more new customers could be attracted to follow. 1. 3 Maturity stageIt is widely agreed that sales in the maturity stage pass over to grow at a relatively slow rate until it reaches the peak, which means the number of customers seems to maintain relatively stable (Kotler and Armstrong 2001, Ja nonta 2012). There is far less agreement, however, about customers purchasing behaviors in this phase. Yeshin (2006) concludes that it may be a competitive period in which the alive customers are likely to buy other brands. In fact, competitive products are likely to flood into the marketplace in the maturity stage, providing more options for customers.Thus, if the effective measures are not taken, companies would lose a portion of market share. Likewise, Bhasin (2011) also illustrates that fierce market competition believably occurs in the maturity stage because some competitors tend to drive down the prices under the cost, in order to elapse the attention of customers. Namely, the risk of brand switching in this phase seems to be high, so the marketing target should be set to retain customer loyalty.In conclusion, the first three stages of product life cycle gestate their own features, so different marketing targets need to be set in different phases new products awareness should be expanded in the introduction stage, sales volume should be quickly boosted in the growth stage, and customer loyalty should be maintained in the maturity stage. Then, effective sales promotion tactics will be analyzed in the next chapter, according to the marketing targets in the three phases. 2. Analysis of the Three Sales Promotion Tactics 2. 1 Premiums promotion for new product awarenessPremiums promotion refers to pardon products or gratis(p) services that can be obtained by cust omers in addition to the main purchase (Yeshin 2006). Gift promotion plays an important role in new product introduction. First of all, throw in gifts as incentives can encourage customers to try out new products as well as inform customers about new demand. For example, 200,000 Quattro for Women razors were given out as free gifts in American by Schick, which allowed Quattro to percolate the recognition of most female customers (Pride and Ferrell, 2010).It seems that free gifts are effective to stimulate customers to generate interest in new products. Yeshin (2006), however, argues that premiums promotion may reduce the survey of brand due to the possible hazard caused by the free gifts in the product contents. For example, in order to attract children, dispirited toys are often inserted into snakes as premiums, which are likely to arouse the controversy about food security, thereby resulting in brand crises. Nevertheless, premiums muted contri moreovere to expand new products awareness.Pride and Ferrell (2010) illustrates that the Promotion Marketing Associations Product Sampling Council, according to an investigation, showed that 92%of participators in this survey indicated that free samples motivated their trials for new products. Besides, the free experience as a kind of intangible gifts could allow customers experience multi-value such as relational, emotional and behavioral value, which increases brand popularity and affinity. As a case in point, the customers who buy the new item in Burger King could watch the up-to-the-minute Star Wars film for free (Yeshin 2006).Not only did the famous film expand the new item awareness, but also increased customers affection for Burger King. In fact, the reason why premiums promotion has a great stir to customers tends to be that it gets hold of customers mentalities. According to the study by Yeshin (2006), customers usually get used to dissembleing themselves as the weaker end of the deal, so the free prod ucts or services as the compensatory gifts can incentivize customers. Consequently, premiums as incentives can benefit to expand new products awareness in the introduction stage. 2. 2 Limited-time promotion for quick boost to salesA promotional deadline is set for customers to ensure that the volume of sales can be boosted as soon as possible, which is called limited-time promotion (Reid and Bojanic 2010). The benefit of limited-time discount lies in a short-term surge in sales, which enables companies to rapidly grab market share in the growth phase. Limited-time discount seems to create a sense of excitement and competition and a tense up atmosphere. guests tend to be attracted by excitement that limited-time discount create. Or rather, what customers love may not be products themselves but the sense of getting a good deal.Kolb (2005) also indicates that even the customers with high wages like to tang that they are smart in this way. In addition, as this kind of discount is te mporary, which will desexualise steady prices soon, it creates a threat to customers, aiming at stimulating them to make immediate purchase (Gaffney and Francis, 2009). Such a threat appears to take effect on rapidly increasing sales. According to Reid and Bojanic (2010), Marriott International, Hyatt Hotels and Resorts, and Hilton gave discounts to customers on weekends as so to quickly boost the volume of sale, which had gotten great success.Hence, if limited-time discount is used in the growth stage, market share can be quickly expanded by increasing sales in the short term. 2. 3 Loyalty card for customer loyalty Loyalty card is used to earn points for purchasing true products or obtain at certain retailers. When customers collect enough points, these can be exchanged for money, goods or other offers (Kotler and Armstrong 2001). One of the main functions of loyalty card is to maintain the long-term relationship among customers and brands. It motivates customers to postpone ment buying products with fixed brand, thus strengthening customers brand loyalty.A study by Lancaster and Massingham (2011) shows that Tesco owed its success in suitable the largest grocery supermarket retailer in Britain to introduction of loyalty card, since loyalty card was used to reward regular purchase, thus enhancing consumer loyalty to Tesco. Furthermore, loyalty card is mat up to be effective in analyzing purchasing behaviors of the existing customers and directing enterprises to improve the operation of businesses, which thus benefits to build long-lasting relationship with existing customers.As Humby, Hunt and Phillips (2007) conclude, shopping habits, brand preference and economic capability of certain customer groups can be analyzed through loyalty card data, which contribute to firms to adjust marketing strategy. As a matter of fact, most marketers link up about customer loyalty in the maturity stage in that many competitive brands have piled into the market, which may lead customers to switch other brands.Liljenwall(2004) points out that it is difficult to be loyal for most products that customers purchase, even though many of them have brand preference for commodities. Indeed, they attempt to seek the best one by constantly changing brands. However, it seems that loyalty card reduces the risks of brand switching by offering discounts for regular purchases. When liner to different brands with same prime(a), customers usually would like to purchase fixed brand in return for discount. That is to say, loyalty card promotion can effectively maintain customer loyalty in the maturity stage.In conclusion, the three sales promotion tactics are effectively used to help companies to achieve the marketing targets in different phases premiums promotion expands new products awareness in the introduction stage since this way could induce consumers to try out new items limited-time promotion probably helps companies increase market share in the growth st age through boosting the volume of sales as soon as possible loyalty card seems to be effective to maintain customer loyalty in the maturity stage because marketers would like to provide discount or gifts in return for regular purchase.Nonetheless, some potential risks may occur in the implementation. In order to maximize the effects of sales promotion on different phases of product life cycle, limitations and possible solutions of the three means of sales promotion will be discussed in the next main section. 3. Limitations and practical Solutions 3. 1 Risks of premiums promotion There seems to be two limitations in premiums promotion. First, it is difficult for marketers to ensure that premiums or free samples are attractive enough to their target customers (Ace 2002).In the introduction stage, new products usually need to be widely aware, so if premiums cannot arouse customers interest, marketers may lose chances to convince customers to try out their new products. Second, the co st of premiums and the value that customers perceive should be balanced. As Yeshin (2006) illustrates, the low-cost premiums may be perceived as low quality, thus reducing the brand value of new products themselves, whereas free gifts with high quality often cost much.Hence, it is felt to be difficult for marketers to forecast the perceived value of premiums and to ensure that premiums can enhance new products reputation. 3. 2 Risks of limited-time discount Two possible limitations should be taken into account when limited-time discount is implemented. First, overusing limited-time discount probably shakes consumers conclusiveness for clamant purchase in that they get used to wait for discounts (Hendershot-Hurd 2007). As most customers are waiting for discount, it seems possible that the growth rate of sales becomes low in the growth stage.Second, if the time interval between the end of a limited-time discount and the start of the next limited-time discount is short, the perceive d value of products may be reduced (Devlin, Ennew, McKechnie, and Smith 2007). In other words, Customers may regard the promotional price as the material value. As a result, once restoring the original price, products may become unacceptable. 3. 3 Risks of loyalty card promotion The security of personal data caused by loyalty cards may lead to customer dissatisfaction (Janotta 2012).For example, customers probably regard loyalty cards as source of spamming, thereby refusing to use loyalty card they may also feel that private secretiveness is offended, which could directly decrease customer satisfaction and destroy customer loyalty if rewards cannot satisfy customers, they are likely to lose interest in loyalty card. As Janotta (2012) concludes, loyalty card system often disappoints consumers because of unattractive rewards, harsh requirements for exchange, and time and place limit. 3. 4 Possible solutionsWith regard to the limitations above, the possible solutions are proposed by Yeshin (2006) and Kotler and Armstrong (2001) as follow * A small quantity of premiums should be first used at the beginning of introduction stage for market test, and a mass of premiums or free samples should be then used to expand new products popularity. * Time limited discount should be more or less used and the promotion cycle should be identified by market investigation * Integrated promotion replacing single promotion should be used to stimulate customers in the first three stages of product life cycle.These possible solutions enable companies to reduce the risks in the implementation, thereby avoiding the unnecessary losses. All in all, the risks of sales promotions should be considered by marketers. First, low attractiveness and low perceived value of premiums could reduce the interest of customers in new products. Second, overuse and short cycle of limited-time promotion tend to compel companies to cut prices in that customers may overly relay on discount and reject to p urchase at the original price.Third, the invasion of privacy caused by loyalty cards can result in decreasing customer satisfaction since customers could feel to be offended. Furthermore, in terms of possible solutions, early market test on a small scale enables companies to adjust promotion strategies, appropriate promotion cycle probably stimulate customers to make instant purchase decision, and integrated promotion mode could make better use of the advantages of sales promotion and recreate for the disadvantages of each other. Conclusion Sales promotion tactics seems to be of considerable importance in achieving different marketing targets.This paper analyzed the effectiveness of three sales promotion tactics according to the three marketing targets mentioned above. First, premiums could encourage customers to try out new products, which are beneficial to expand new products popularity in the introduction stage. Second, limited-time promotion is used to increase sales as sons as possible, eventually occupying more market share in the growth stage. Third, loyalty card has great advantage in keeping long-term relationship with existing customers, which could reduce the risk of brand switching in the maturity stage by rewarding regular purchase.Nevertheless, it seems to be inevitable that the three sales promotion strategies have limitations. First of all, the quality and attractiveness of free gifts may directly influence the perceived values of new products. Furthermore, limited-time discount may stop products from restoring the original prices since customers prefer to wait for discounting. Finally, even if companies may obtain useful information about customers through analyses of loyalty card data, customer satisfaction is probably reduced due to the invasion of individual privacy.The possible solutions can be summarized as market test on a small scale, appropriate promotion cycle, and integrated promotion mode, which could reduce the risks above and max imize the effects of sales promotion. In discussing process in premiums promotion, limited-time discount and loyalty card promotion, it was conclude that the three tactics of promotion can be effective to help companies achieve the marketing targets in the first three phases, based on a rich literature about sales promotion.However, it should be noted that a detailed analysis of other tactics of sales promotion realizing different marketing targets is not involved in this paper and future day work could be done in this area. This would mainly focus on online marketing and could help marketers enhance the competitiveness of online marketing by appropriate strategies of sales promotion.References Ace, C. (2002) Effective Promotional Planning for e-Business. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann Devlin, J. , Ennew, C. ,McKechnie, S. , and Smith, A. (2007) A study of time limited price promotions. Journal of Product & Brand Management 16 (4), 280 285 Gaffney, S. and Francis, C. (2009) inge nuousness Sells How to Make More Money and Increase Business Profits. Hoboken John Wiley & Sons Humby, C. , Hunt, T. , and Phillips, T. (2007) Scoring Points How Tesco Continues to Win Customer Loyalty. London Kogan Page Hendershot-Hurd, K. (2007) Beyond the Niche Essential Tools You Need to Create Marketing Messages thatDeliver Results. Swindon acuminate Janotta, S. (2012) Loyalty Cards in the Apparel Retail Industry. Munich Grin Verlag Kolb, B. M. (2005) Marketing for Cultural Organizations. London Thomson encyclopaedism Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2001) Principles of Marketing. Upper Saddle River Prentice Hall Lancaster, G. and Massingham, L. (2011) Essentials of MarketingManagement. Abingdon Routledge Liljenwall, R. (2004) The Power of Point-of-Purchase announce Marketing At Retail. Washington, DC Point-Of-Purchase Advertising International Pride, W. M. and Ferrell, O. C. (2010) Marketing. Stamford Cengage Learning Reid, R. , D. and Bojanic, D. , C. (2010) Hospitality Mar keting Management. Hoboken John Wiley & Sons Yeshin, T. (2006) Sales Promotion. London Thomson Learning