Didion “In Bed” Thoughtful Analysis

Her ethos is her personal experience with the subject as present in the first separate Almost only day of every month, between these attacks, I feel the sudden irrational irritation and the ladened of blood into the cerebral arteries which tell me that migraine is on its way, and I start out certain drugs to avert its arrival. She uses exact medical terms such as Methodologies, lysergic acid, and synthesized L SD-25 to demonstrate her knowledge and research on the subject. 3. ) Make observations to the highest degree the remarkable language use in the first split up.Here are a few to get you started, only add a few of your deliver unconscious with fuss, shameful secret, chemical inferiority. What does each of these phrases do for the passage? Doing is demo what the majority of citizenry think of migraines by using these words. Most people dont see that it is more than a headache, but people think those who fix from migraines are weak and that its something they do to themselves due to bad attitudes, unpleasant tempers, and wrongdoing. Doing pattern of mocks the general preconceived attitude towards her affliction. . ) What is the intended effect of the par on the wholeel structure at the end of the second paragraph? What type of appeal is this? Be specific. Doing utilizes the parallel Truckee to provide specific examples of her struggles with migraines. Doing uses logic to contradicts her statement the when she said postal code wrong with me at all I simply had migraine headaches, and migraine headaches were, as every i who did not have them knew, imaginary and then uses the parallel structure to battle array that migraines are an issue. 5. ) What is the purpose of including Jefferson and Grant?What well-nigh the lengthy paragraph on medical treatments? Jefferson and Grant werent weak people who were likely to complain about a headache. Its not just a disease that affects weak temper types, so the two men lend credibility to the issue of mi graine. The paragraph on medical treatments demonstrates her knowledge of the issue. The medical paragraph lends credibility to Doing, but it also dispositions that there is no easy cure for migraine one of the drugs is even a derivative LSI showing that its a pretty needlelike treatment. . ) Comment on the importance of the phrase ambiguous blessing. The blessing is moot because in the midst of a migraine, the individual suffering the attack would quite an die than eave to suffer, but after the attack is over theyre glad they survived. 7. ) regulate a logic fallacy in the first full paragraph on the back (HINT Doing herself is not culpable Of the offense). What is it, and how does it strengthen her argument? The remedy makes an assumption about her condition based on her appearance, specifically her mussy hair.He assumes she must be a compulsive housekeeper because her hair is messy and that all patients with her condition have a specific personality, and he tries to find a w ay to file her within that personality type. 8. Throughout the essay, why does she abduce to it as migraine and not migraines? Doing is trying to express the seriousness of migraines by stating it by its medical term, much like we call pubic louse cancer and diabetes diabetes. 9. ) What do you think is the purpose of the final paragraph?Its purpose is to show that shes found a silver lining in the pain of a migraine. The migraine is brought on by the small stresses of her everyday life, and every disturbance she has is magnified by the migraine before the pain, but then the pain comes and she has to focus all of her energy on that singular pain. When the pain passes, all of her problems are no longer real problems. The migraine is now a kind of therapy. It playacts her life into perspective and while its violent in its execution, its static a form of meditation. 0. ) How does she create empathy in the essay? Dingos personal experiences bring out the pathos in the passage. Her s uffering and struggles are empathic by the reader because Doing is so descriptive of her own experiences with migraines she makes the reader feel and understand what she is feeling during a migraine. 11. Using Doing to justify your response, explain why a balance of pathos, ethos, and logos creates the most effective arguments.

Character Analysis of Meredith Grey in Grey’s Anatomy Essay

Meredith Grey, M. D. is a fictional character from the medical drama television serial Greys Anatomy, which airs on the American Broadcasting friendship (ABC) in the United States. The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes, and is visualized by actress Ellen Pompeo. Meredith is the series protagonist, and was introduced as a surgical intern at the fictional Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital, eventually obtaining the position of resident, and later attending.As the daughter of world-renowned surgeon Ellis Grey, Meredith struggles with the everyday life of being an attending, maintaining the descent with her one-night stand and eventual husband Derek Shepherd, her new-found motherhood, and the friendships with her colleagues. Meredith is the narrator of the show and serves as the focal point for most episodes. Pompeos connection with Patrick Dempsey (Derek Shepherd) is acclaimed as a high school point of the series. Rhimes has characterized Meredith as not believ ing in good or bad, but doing what she thinks is right.Pompeo has been nominated for several awards, winning many of them, for her performance on the show. Grey has been positively received by television critics, with Alessandra Stanley of The New York clock referring to her as the heroine of Greys Anatomy. News of Pompeo leaving uprose when it was make clear that her contract ended after the eighth season. Speculation occurred over again when Rhimes reported that Greys Anatomy will be return for a ninth season. TVLine reported that Ellen Pompeo has signed on for two more(prenominal) years, along with her fellow cast members.

Child Rearing in the Us and Colombia Essay

Early c atomic number 18-giving is a major factor for a child to smelling secure to explore the world around them (Carbonell, Alzate, Bustamente & Quiceno , 2002). How different is this early cargon-giving amidst deuce cultures such as the United States and Colombia? This is a look at the differences and similiaries of raising girls, both(prenominal) born in 1988, in Colombia and the United States. both(prenominal) girls were raised in nuclear families, with one older sibling, c drop off fair to middling in get along with to be a major part of for man-to-manly one girls daily life.One was raised in Colombia, although she locomote to the United States at the eld of eleven, while the other was raised all told in the United States. twain parents of severally girl were interviewed as come up as the girl herself. The basic stepping stones, the ages that parents love to videotape, the babys early moments all seem to happen relatively similarly in both girls. Self-reported by Paulina, was that she walked around the age of ten months. Similarly, Jane walked at the age of ten months. both were somewhat delayed in speech, enough so to be taken to doctors.In each case, the parents were told that the child would let out if the family stop following the non-verbal directions from the child. Paulinas first linguistic process were eso, Spanish for that, and Ma. Janes first word was Ah-yah which was meant to be Alex, her brothers name. Paulina stood alone at the age of eight months (personal communication with subject), as did Jane (personal communication with subject). Punishment is something all parents essential figure out. Hispanics endure to mollify children and be much lenient (Figueroa-Moseley, Ramey, Keltner & Lanzi, 2006).Hispanic parents tend to try to calm their child rather than work towards developmental goals, which tend to be more valued in the United States. uncomplete girl was punished in the form of grounding, barely both were warned with wide-eyed looks from their parents, such as glaring and both girls were yelled at as well. Corporal punishment was used for each girl as well. Paulina was smacked, and Jane was from time to time spanked. Jane would be sent to her room or made to sit in a chair as in a Time Out, that Paulina never experienced a Time Out and recollects that such a thing was non common in Colombia.Both girls were raised to speak their mind, and not wait to be mouth to, as long as what was said was respectful. Questions were welcomed by both families, but the girls were expected to k at one time the time and place in which to ask questions. Each girl was also allowed to resource out her own clothes, which has been shown to be good for children, as children see it is crucial for them to make some of their own decisions, and identify with the choices (Ardila-Rey, Killen, 2001).Paulinas perplex tried and true to teach her what matched, but eventually gave up trying when it, although Colombia n incurs tend to worry about the outward appearance of their children (Carbonell et al, 2002). When asked what Jane would choose to wear, Janes mother replied, Anything that didnt match, although she, too, tried to teach her daughter matching. No major restrictions were train upon either girl, except to be respectful. Respect was emphasized in both situations. As respect was emphasized from child to adult, so was it shown from adult to child.Both children were kept informed of what was happening in the family. boorren were expected to be a part of dinner conversation and were allowed to participate in the adults lives. Also, both children were habituated reasoning behind decisions and had things explained? because I said so was used notwithstanding when the situation would be later explained, and the consequences of an action were described rather than a mere dont do it. Chores were a part of each girls life as well. Both were expected to do what was asked of them to servicin g around the house dusting, vacuuming, clearing the table, etc.Jane was expected to benefactor with dinner, which included getting food from the refrigerator, carrying things to the table, loading the dishwasher, setting the table, and occasionally stirring. Jane was accustomed an allowance of approximately five dollars a week, but this was never in exchange for doing her chores. Paulina, too, was not paid for doing her chores. She states, I was part of the family and thereof I was expected to work in the house without both sort of punish (personal communication, April 10, 2007). Colombia tends to be a collective society that looks to the benefit of the group, rather than the individual (Pilgrim, Reuda-Riedle, 2002), which applies to this situation in that Paulina was expected to help keep the house in order, without ? payment because it was for the gr fertilizeer good of the family, being part of the group is an classic aspects of a collective culture. Family relationships an d interdependence? a common bond in the midst of family members, working together for the benefit of the family? tend to be much more emphasized in Hispanic cultures (Carbonell et al, 2002).A major part of any culture is food and dining, and children are a part of that. Children a good deal lose some of their appetite in the midst of ages two and six, and because parents worry, bad food habits are put into place. Sugary foods are offered if a child finishes a meal, and more foods birth vitamins and nutrients added. However iron, zinc, and calcium are seen to be deficient because juices and sodas are replacing milk, and cereals and processed foods replace snotty-nosed fruits and vegetables (Berger, 2006). It is also hard to hold in good eating habits during this age, because children often need meals to be just right. Children have very determined ideas for what should be eaten, how it should be eaten, and the entire situation surround the meal. Often times the food required i s not healthy food, but rather sugary or similar to fast-food, like chicken nuggets or French fries. Paulina ate dinner together with her family every night, generally at eight o time, as is customary in Colombia. Her mother did approximately of the cooking, and after dinner, either her mom would not clean up, or her mother would, but with the help of her daughters, while her father did other household things.On weekends, most meals were eaten together. Breakfast was generally around ten o quantify in the morning and lunch was around three o quantify in the afternoon. Very few times, her father would cook, although he cooks more now that they live in the United States. Food was as healthy and fresh as possible. Snacks were fresh fruits, and there were never packaged foods in the house. Jane would eat dinner with her family as well, often around seven oclock in the evening, when her father came home. She would eat breakfast and lunch with her brother until this was no longer possibl e because of rail.Janes mother did most of the cooking, and the children were expected to help. Snacks were often dry cereal like Cheerios, apples, crackers, or cheese. Paulina started learning numbers and how to take and write at the age of four, when she went to pre take. The debate of how children should be taught to read fag be broken into two sides phonetics and whole language (Berger, 2006). Phonetics looks at each sound of each letter, while whole language, encouraged by Piaget, says that concentrating on the goal of fluency and communication is more important than individual words (Berger, 2006).Jane also attended a preschool at the age of four, but it was not as much structured, formal schooling. Both were taken to a part-day day-care or nursery school for the opportunity to mixerize with other children. While at nursery school, Paulina was mostly made to play with toys. Jane attended a cooperative nursery school at a Unitarian Universalist church. In a Co-op nursery sch ool parents take turns coming into the school to help supervise stations and participate in the nursery school experience.Stations were set up, such as a Reading Corner, Snacks, and a daily feature, such as tracing bodies on large sheets of newspaper or crafts. Co-op nursery schools are not typical in the United States, but Janes parents thought it was important to be have-to doe with with their children when possible and for their children to have the socialization experience. Both were read to everyday. Jane was read to a two to three times a day, for about fifteen minutes each time, but also had labels, signs, and anything printed read to her during everyday life.Jane was occasionally, but not often spoken to in Baby Talk, while Paulina was never spoken to in Baby Talk, as her parents thought speaking to her regularly would help her learn to understand. Both parents acknowledge that their children were not raised in a way that is typical to their individual cultures, and that is evident looking at the two girls in adolescence and early adulthood. Both girls realize that because their parents were stricter when they were young, that as the girls grew older their parents didnt need to be as strict.Each girl knew what was expected of her and was therefore given more freedom as she matured. Many times this appeared to friends as though the girl could do what she pleased, although this was not the case. The girls knew the limits of what they could do without being told. Both sets of parents relied more on their trust in their daughter than blatantly relation her what she could or could not do. Obviously, there are some differences and some similarities between raising children in Colombia versus the United States.developmentally, the children seem to be similar, and most of the parenting is more alike than different. References Ardila-Rey, A. & Killen, M. (2001). Middle class Colombian childrens evaluations of personal, moral, and social-conventional interac tions in the classroom. international daybook of Behavioral Development, 25 (3), 246-255 Berger, K. (2006). The Developing Person Through childhood and Adolescence (7th ed. ). New York Worth Publishers. Figueroa, C. , Ramey, C. , Keltner, B. , & Lanzi, R. (2006).Variations in Latino Parenting Practices and Their Effects on Child Cognitive Developmental Outcomes. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 28, 102-114. Pilgram, C. & Rueda-Riedle, A. (2002). The importance of social context in cross-cultural comparisions First graders in Colombia and the United States. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 163 (3), 283- 296. Posada, G. , Jacobs, A. , Richmond, M. , Carbonell, O. , Alzate, G. , Bustamante, M. , & Quiceno, J. (2002). Maternal Caregiving and Infant Security in Two Cultures. Developmental Psychology, 38 (1), 67-78.

Potbelly Sandwich Shop Essay

1.Identify and describe thrones strategy in terms of product (present or new) and market (present or new). plentys strategy in terms of product is to stick out all sandwiches at one price regardless of what comes on the sandwich. totally of the meat is sliced fresh in the enclose, milkshakes argon handmade, and cookies be impertinently baked on site. The company hires nice people because they sell an dumbfound, not just a sandwich. Potbelly is focused on selling hot food, having a nice environment, and a friendly experience.The store does not ineluctably have a marketing budget. The generate promotions based off of store openings or around local charities/programs. At one location they gave absent a free sandwich to each person who gave a property donation for a local organization.2. How would you describe Potbellys spot strategy?Potbelly has more different stores that range in many different sizes. Some stores are very small and based in airports, other stores are very large. Many stores have an outdoor patio area during warmer months. Potbelly selects mostly urban locations where there are not a lot of sandwich chains. The stores are homey and rase provide real books for customers to read or borrow. The main market for Potbelly is young professionals under the age of 35.3. What types of environmental opportunities and threats to you see in Potbellys external environment? How might they impact Potbellys current strategy?I personally feel that Potbelly has a great thing going for them. Compared to other sandwich chains they are not the same in any way. Locally, the main stores that come to my promontory are Subway, Jimmy Johns, and Hungry Hobo. These stores are all based on very fast service. You are more than welcome to sit elaborate and eat, but nothing really keeps you there besides the food. Potbelly offers an experience with each meal. Some locations have live music that you can make love or books that you can sit and read. You are offere d more than just a table to eat at when you are at Potbellys you are offered a complete experience.

Identification of Country Specific Social Infrastructure Problems Essay

Having a sound understanding on the economic procedures of diametric nations can outstandingly help each one of them to combat ingrained friendly problems. With the establishment of international organizations to assist poor countries in structuring their societies, it is of goal importance to provide them with the basic facts of the dilemmas experienced by low-performing economies.A great deal to support the functional institutions is to assist them in coming up with a credible and non-biased sets of facts about the countries which they intend to assist. Apparently, there are more or less cases in which monetary assistances do not actu tout ensembley reach the upright potential of social projects due to inevitable meanss such as ineffectual fund allocation, corruption and unidentified resolution effects. In this aspect, it is very of the essence(predicate) to have a veritable source of information about the antecedency problems of each country in terms of social infrastr ucture building.ObjectivesThe master(prenominal) objective of the research proposal is to come up with a reliable infobase which impart tabulate the economic problems of each underdeveloped economy. These information will be employ to support the programs of international funding organizations such as IMF and the World Bank. These selective informationbases will incorporate the designation of a single modular outline which will then effectively identify the problems of the states, the key anteriority acts in resolving them and the estimated enough allocation of funds.MethodologyIn set out to have a database of country profiles, it is necessary to collect data at the lowest parameter of the study-the countries themselves. Primarily, each country has its own varying degrees of social law implementation which addresses the supposedly obvious problems of each economy.1. Global acknowledgment of Developing/Underdeveloped countries. The list of countries belonging in these segment s is available from the united Nations country data profile. This may save the research procedure almost time and financial resources since countries will be narrowed down into a particular list.2. After the gathering of country profiles, the next approach is to think data determine from respective government agencies of each country through with(predicate) personal office visits, e-mail transmission or telephone and telefax reception of data. The main facts which will be needed are each year budget allocation for social welfare programs, population of each country, gross domestic product rates, specific population of women and children, government yearly spending on health care and general infrastructure budget allocation which are all basically used as country performance indicators (Cool Fire Technology, 2004). These values will be tabulated on a computer program for unclouded filtering and ranking of data values in prioritizing specific country concerns.3. Upon the re embracey of the designated data, they will then be compared to the instructional references of the World Bank or IMF to identify which of the countries will most likely need to get assistances from the ii international organizations. Afterwards, a full recommendation for assistance may be requested from them to highlight the importance of helping the countries based on the specific country profile report gathering.TimelineThe procedures involving the retrieval of country specific data may be regarded as the most extensive and most demanding factor in terms of time frame allocation. This procedure is projected to cover at least three to four months. If the latest country data is available from reliable resources, then those data will be used instead of conducting country specific data retrieval and interviews. On the procedures which contract the submission of reports to the funding agencies, the time expected for completion is at least two weeks after the end of country specific d atabase construction.

A Case Analysis on Sealed Air Corporation

The context in which the stopping point is to be made is that seal atmosphere is facing competition from unforeseen quarters. The phoner Sealed seam had achieved market leaders by differentiating its AirCap cushion materials by using the barrier-coating making AirCap soften material more versatile and reliable.The company had depended on this crucial differentiating factor that had been communicated to its customers in different ways. In addition, its salespersons had also been trained to project the superiority of coated riffle cushioning. Sealed Air technology is patented and so it enjoyed leadership in the cushioning market. What is more important is that the brand AirCap was positioned as high school whole tone, premium-cushioning material.Currently, thither is an accession in competition from two quarters. First, there be several(prenominal) pocket-size manufacturers that have invented processes similar to that of Sealed Air and have produced cheap substitutes. Se cond, there is an add-on in uncoated belch cushioning manufacturing and marketing in the USA especially by a new competitor that is GAFCEL.The slew to be decided is whether Sealed Air should commence manufacturing uncoated riffle operations to antagonistic this new competition or should Sealed Air continue with its st trampgy of emphasizing the benefits of coated cardhouse technology. There are pressures from several quarters on Hauser to make the decision.The GAFCEL sales are change magnitude very quickly, the distributors of AirCap have also taken up the distribution of GAFCEL and the distributors are actively asking for uncoated breathe cushioning. On the former(a) go past Hauser is torn because Sealed Air has been positioned as a coated bubble company, it has communicated the benefits of coated bubble technology over the years and its sales outcome is also oriented towards selling coated bubble cushioning.There are several requirements and limitations. The requirement for Sealed Air is to stem the falling market parcel at home and abroad. For example, in England, Sealed Air needs to counter the challenges thrown to it by the Japanese firm that is selling uncoated bubble products at 50% less price than AirCap cushioning. Similarly, in France the market assign of AirCap has fallen from 50% to 30% because of increased competition from uncoated products.Finally, In Germany, AirCap was losing its share at the rate of 20% to 30% per year. Even though the gross sales of AirCap in the US market are increasing, the rate of increase is much slower than what it was in early 70s. For instance the increase in sales from 1973 to 1974 was 30%, the increase in sales from 1979 to 1980 was moreover 19% (Dolan p4). The basic requirement for Sealed Air is to counter the ready eroding market for its coated AirCap.It must be able to see its market share to at least 1978 levels. Sealed Air has other requirements it must be able to protect its current positioning in the market, it should be able to protect its coated bubble sales and must not dilute the brand equity of AirCap. Further, Sealed Air should drive to follow the twin objectives of providing market leadership through technological leadership.Till right away Sealed Air has technological leadership as well as market leadership because AirCap had been selling coated bubble cushioning. Sealed Air also needs to ensure that its distributors continue to sell its coated bubble products as they have done in the past. However, Hauser has some limitations. These are that the company does not have any means of differentiating if it goes in for uncoated bubble products. It has to compete on price with GAFCEL. There is no technological leadership for Sealed Air if it goes in for uncoated bubble technology.Moreover, the sales tear of Sealed Air is oriented towards selling strongly differentiated high quality premium AirCap products. This sales force is not suitable for uncoated products.The s ales of AirCap products are limited by the demand for high quality versatile packing material. Similarly, the distributors and their selling methods are suited more for uncoated bubble cushioning rather than AirCap products that needed more demonstration and selling time.

Flexible Budgets Acc543

Flexible Budgets Team ACC/543 Professor Deborah Fitzgerald doubting Thomas University of Phoenix 2010 Team B, You have done a coarse assembly line on the assignment. I have noted some minor issues to champion you on early assignments. Abstract The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the work out process. It analyzes elastic figures, discusses the relationship between fixed and variable cost, explores the differences between nonmoving and bendable cyphers, and how budgets assist in the cost- pot- pelfability analysis. The Purpose of Flexible Budgets A budget is a tool utilise by line of credites to plan for upcoming taxs and expenses.Businesses record the difficulty of be after for the future. Circumstances inevitably arise that can flip the outlook of a companys financial consider overnight. natural businesses look to increase flexibility. To do this, businesses explore the relationship between fixed and variable cost, incorporate techniques to transfor m static budgets, and use pliant budgets to fulfil cost-volume-profit analysis. The relationship between fixed and variable costs used in a plastic budget A flexible budget is a statement of projected revenue and exp wind upiture based on variant levels of production.It shows how costs vary with diffe pursue rates of output or at different levels of sales volume. The flexible budget responds to changes in activity and whitethorn provide a better tool for mathematical operation evaluation. It is driven by the expected cost behavior and cannot be prep ard before the end of the period. A flexible budget adjusts the static budget for the authentic level of output. It is more sophisticated and useful than a static budget. A flexible budget is comp atomic number 18d to a companys static budget to reign variances between the levels of expected and actual spending. The following steps are used to prepare a flexible budget 1. sterilise the budgeted variable cost per unit of measure ment of output. Also Add comma here for clarity or to off condition an reconsideration from the rest of the sentence determine the budgeted sales price per unit of output, if the entity to which the budget applies generates revenue. 2. Determine the budgeted level of fixed costs. 3. Determine the actual volume of output achieved (e. g. , units developd for a factory, units sold for a retailer, patient days for a hospital). 4. Build the flexible budget based on the budgeted cost information from steps 1 and 2, and the actual volume of output from step 3 (Caplan,2009).Fixedcostsare expenses that do not change as the activity of a business changes within the applicable period. For example, aretailermust pay rent and utility bills regardless of sales. Variable and fixed costs make up one of the two components oftotal cost. Variable costs are expenses that do change as the activity of a business changes within the relevant period. The costs behavior determines whether it is fixed or v ariable. In a flexible budget, all costs are estimated. Variable costs are known as standard variable costs since they are the crush estimate for production costs determined by management.Variable costs run in a fixed manner when calculated on a per unit basis. Whether the number of estimate units sold increase or falloff the standard cost will remain the same. Total variable costs in relation to the number of units sold will behave in a variable manner because total variable costs increases or decreases based on the number of units sold. The differences between static and flexible budget A static budget is a budget that remains unaltered regardless of fluctuation in the volume of sales, expenses, or other relevant factors.Static budgets are produced for a given financial period and are compared to actual results. Consideration is not given to revenue changes effecting variable costs. The main budget of a company is generally a static budget, while the budgets associated with dep artments are more fluid (Byrne & Mather, 1997). Fluid budgets, also known as flexible budgets have the ability to adjust for changes in output levels or shifts in income. These budgets differ from static budgets in that they show projected expenses and revenue at a mannequin of levels (Edmonds, 2007).Like all budgets, the flexible budget establishes line items for expenses and revenue for a given period with a value assigned to each(prenominal) line. This budgeting approach allows for quick changes to line items in the event of unforeseen complications. A rigid, static budget that is based on a single set of projections, and doesnt Contractions are inappropriate in academic writing pen it out readily permit adjustments could be seen as inefficient (Byrne & Mather, 1997). How a flexible budget lends itself to a cost-volume-profit analysis Flexible budgets are a very(prenominal) useful management tool.These types of tools can provide information needed for planning and performance evaluation. Flexible budgets are based on actual volume of activity Add comma here for clarity or to offset an reconsideration from the rest of the sentence which assists organizations with achieving desirable profit levels. Managers may assess whether the companys cash position is adequate by assuming different levels of volume. They may judge if the number of employees, amounts of materials, and equipment and storage facilities are appropriate for a variety of different potential levels of volume, (Edmonds, 2007, p. 5).A flexible budget often compliments a cost volume profit (CVP) analysis. Both of these are tools that evaluate performance and benchmarking. It is helpful in understanding the relationships among cost, volume, and profit. Essentially CVPs are an auxiliary of the breakeven point. Using the CVP, a manager can calculate the breakeven point, which is a great indicator of a minimum production level. CVP goes further and shows how much to produce to earn a certain amoun t of profit. Also, CVP identifies the likely changes in profit whenever a key factor changes such as price, cost and total (Edmonds, 2007, p. ). Conclusion Budgets are useful and necessary tools used to plan for future saving and spending. Like everything in business, there is more than one behavior to achieve this. Knowledge of the relationships and techniques described in this paper are priceless to a business. Once a business understands the process, it can increase flexibility. This allows a business to portray a more accurate financial picture and leads to more intelligent spending and a sustainable business plan.References Byrne, M. , & Mather, J. (1997). Managing the budget process. Club Management. Retrieved from https//ecampus. phoenix. edu Caplan, D. (2009). Flexible Budgeting. OSU. Retrieved from https//ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cwe/citation_generator/web_01_01. asp on 11/26/2010 Edmonds, T. P. (2007). Fundamental financial & managerial accounting concepts. Retr ieved from https//ecampus. phoenix. edu Elmerraji, J. (2010). How budgeting works for companies. Investopedia. Retrieved from http//www. investopedia. com/articles/07/budgetingforcompanies. asp

Cost Centres, Profit Centres, Investment Centres Essay

The increasing complexity of todays trading environment gets it virtually impossible for most slosheds to be controlled centrally. Decentralisation is a necessary response to this increasing complexity and involves the delegation of decision-making province by senior management to sub-ordinates. The structure is much(prenominal) that decision making is dust to various units within the organisation, with passenger vehicles at various takes making key decisions relating to their move of responsibility. These warmheartednesss of organisational body process argon known as responsibility revolve arounds and may be defined as a unit of a firm where an exclusive jitney is held responsible for the units deed.1The accomplishment of severally middle and its theatre director is deliberate and controlled through a system of responsibility accounting which is based on the principles of locating responsibility and tracing embody/revenue/ enthronements etc. to the individual managers who are primarily responsible. The division of the firm into separately identifiable units of responsibility allows for more accurate measurement of managerial performance beca design local information is more thorough. Overall, in outrank to welcome an accurate measurement of managerial performance, measures should be based on elements which the manager toilet control or signifi shagtly influence.There are trio briny types of responsibility amount of money. A equal centre is the lowest level of responsibility, and performance is mensurable in terms of the salutes incurred by it. constitute centres do non generate revenue and thus have no pay objectives, which differentiates it from take in and enthronement centres. Managers of cost centres are accountable l unrivaled(prenominal) for manageable costs and are not responsible for level of activity or long investment decisions. Managerial performance is measured by efficiency of operations in terms of the qua ntity of inputs used in producing a given output.The basis of this type of measurement lies in equation actual inputs to budgeted controllable costs or some predetermined level that represents efficient utilisation. be control and efficiency of operations are the master(prenominal) elements of this type of unit. However, costs in general can be effortful to measure, trace and allocate and it can be difficult to differentiate betwixt controllable and mutinous costs. This poses a major drawback for the evaluation of cost centres and their management, since cost is its chief(prenominal) element of measurement. The focus being mainly on costs, makes this centre some-what weak in terms of evaluation and measurement of managerial performance. be centres can be split into two different types bar cost centres and discretionary cost centres. In the former, measurement is exercised by comparing standard cost with actual cost. Variances would be indicative of the efficiency of the ce ntre and therefore its managers performance. Discretionary cost centres are centres where output cannot be measured in financial terms, for example advertising and publicity, R&D etc. train normally takes the form of ensuring that actual expenditure adheres to budgeted expenditure for each cost category.2 However, a major problem with this type of responsibility centre is the measurement of the effectiveness of expenditure and the determination of the efficiency of the centre itself and its management.A profit centre flips an additional element to the measurement process in that both inputs and outputs are measured in mo last-placeary terms. The manager of a profit centre has increased autonomy as s/he is responsible for revenue as strong as costs thence it is easier to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of managerial performance in financial terms. In this situation, managers are normally free to set interchange prices, study which markets to sell in, make product-mi x and output decisions and select suppliers.3 A profit centre differs form a cost centre in that its main objective is to maximise profit and the performance of the manager is measured in terms of profit made. Top executives allocate assets to a profit centre, and the manager is responsible for using these assets to make a profit. Each profit centre has a profit target and has the dictum to adopt such policies that are necessary to win these targets. simoleons centre managers are evaluated by comparing actual profit to targeted profit. Profit analysis using profitability ratios or segmented income statements are used as a basis for evaluating managerial performance. The major issue with profit statements is the difficulty in deciding what is controllable or traceable, and in high society to assess the managers performance preferably than the sparing performance of the unit, measures must be based on controllable profit only. some other difficulty tog ups in allocating revenue and costs to profit centres, as it is unlikely that the profit centre is completely independent. This has prompted many firms to use quaternary performance measures such as a balanced scorecard, which measures non-financial as well as financial elements of the unit.The measurement of profit is also compounded by the use of manoeuvre prices and agreeing on its fairness. Transfer prices are allocated to ripes transferred from one unit to another within a firm. The implication of transfer prices is that for the selling unit it willing be a source of revenue and for the receiving unit it is an element of cost, and as a effect each division may act in its own interests. Transfer pricing therefore has a significant bearing when calculating revenues, costs and profits of responsibility centres. The pick of transfer pricing method is important because it affects goal congruence as well as performance measurement. However, it is difficult to determine the correct transfer price, as th ere are a wide variety of methods available, varying from negotiation to flackes based on the market or based on cost.The investment centre manager has increased responsibility in comparison to the cost and profit centre managers and as a result there are further options for managerial performance measurement by outmatch management. The investment centre manager has responsibility for revenue and costs, and also has the authority to make enceinte investment decisions. This type of unit represents the highest level of managerial autonomy. An investment centre differs from a profit centre in that investment centre management is evaluated on the basis of the rate of return get on the assets employed or the residual income earned, while profit centre management is evaluated on the basis of excess revenue over expenses for the period. The manager in charge has the objective of profitability, depending not only on sales but also on profitability of the capital used.Overall, investmen t centres offer the broadest basis for measurement in the sense that managerial performance is measured not only in terms of profits, but also in terms of assets employed to generate those profits. Performance can be measured using a variety of tools, and this ensures that the drawbacks of one method are cut through by the merits of another. This in turn leads to more accurate results and is one of the main reasons why investment centres are so popular as a instrument of managerial performance measurement in large companies. two the effectiveness and the efficiency of the manager can be assessed by point of reference to the accounting data available. Investment centres offer many qualities required for good managerial performance measurement. For example, they provide incentives to the unit manager, they can recognise long-term objectives as well as short objectives and the increased responsibility means there are more controllable factors for use in performance measurement calc ulations.Return on investment is a measurement approach in common use in investment centres. This method has the favor of being simple and easy to calculate. ROI expresses divisional profit as a percentage of the assets employed in the division.4 It has the further advantage of motivation managers to achieve the best return on investments in order to achieve the associated rewards. ROI provides a return measure that controls the size and is comparable to other measures. It can be used as a common denominator for comparing the returns of exchangeable businesses, such as other divisions within the group or out-of-door competition. It is widely used and most managers understand what the measure reflects.However, some complications arise in the calculation of this method. For example, difficulties regarding the calculation of profit, some of which are described above. Profit can be defined in a number of slipway and this enables the figure to be manipulated. In the case of the figur e for investments, the question arises whether this should be chalk up assets (gross or depreciated), total operating assets or net total assets. The result would differ in each case, but if consistency is keep throughout the organisation, decisions would remain unaffected.Another difficulty that may arise in relation to this method is that managers may focus on self-interests instead than the boilers suit goal of the organisationand some profitable opportunities may be disregard because s/he fears potential dilution of existing successful endeavours. Furthermore, ROI does not adequately recognise risk. A manager who generates a large ROI result may be investing in riskier assets which may not be consistent with organisational goals. Use of ROI as a managerial performance measure can lead to under or over investment in assets or incorrect asset disposal decisions, in order to achieve the result the manager requires to accomplish his reward.To overcome some of the above difficu lties, many firms use residual income to evaluate managerial performance. This method seeks to motivate managers to invest where the pass judgment returns exceed the cost of capital. For the purpose of managerial performance measurement, it compares the controllable division of an investment with the targeted rate of return.5 There is a greater disaster that managers will be encouraged to act in the best interests of the company. Another advantage of this method is that it is more flexible because different cost of capital rates can be applied for different levels or risk. though ROI and RI operate on a similar basis, RI proves better in certain(a) circumstances. For example, if ROI is chosen as the measuring technique, managers may be reluctant to make additional investments in fixed assets as it may bring heap the ROI for their centre. RI calculation results would be more accurate in these situations.However, residual income does not overcome the problem of determining the m easure out of assets or the figure to be used for profit. If RI is used in a short-term perspective, it can over-emphasise short-term performance at the expense of long-term performance. Investment projects with positive net present values can show poor ROI and RI results in ahead of time years, leading to rejection of projects by managers. Residual income also experiences problems in comparing managerial performance in divisions of different sizes. The manager of the larger division will generally show a higher RI because of the size of the division rather then superior managerial performance. Another drawback for this method is that it requires an estimate of the cost of capital, a figure which can be difficult to calculate.Economic value added is an extension of the residual income measurement. It measures surplus value created by total investments which imply funds provided by banks, shareholders etc. Its key element is the emphasis on after-tax operating profit and the actual annual cost of capital. The latter reflection differentiates it from the RI measure, which uses the minimum expected rate of return. EVA is a further step towards encouraging centre managers to concentrate on the boilers suit goal of the organisation rather than their own self interests, hence reducing dysfunctional behaviour.The above measures are financial measures. As stated previously, it is important also to study non-financial aspects, such as customer satisfaction, quality, internal processes, growth etc. in order to get a more complete picture when measuring managerial performance. The above measures also focus on performance within the investment centre and do not consider the performance relative to overall company objectives.In conclusion, it can be stated that in order to assess managerial performance as opposed to the economic performance of the division, it is vital to make a distinction between the controllable and uncontrollable elements used in the chosen calcul ations. Each measurement technique is not without limitations, but these difficulties can be overcome by using a wide variety of measurement tools and striking the right balance between them. Of the three types of responsibility centre, an investment centre can be considered to assume better results, as it allows for the broadest basis for measurement, making it widely popular as a means of managerial performance measurement.1 C. Drury, guidance and Cost Accounting, 6th Ed. P. 6532 C. Drury, Management and Cost Accounting, 6th Ed. P. 6543 C. Drury, Management and Cost Accounting, 6th Ed. P. 654/655 4 C. Drury, Management and Cost Accounting, 6th Ed. P. 8455 IPA Manual, Management Accounting, P 239

Banyan Tree

Competitive strategy From the outset, the objective of banian tree steer brand-building was to spend a penny a sustainable plat forge upon which to grow even if cheaper competitors and similar concepts stepped into their space. However, later on owner, Ho Kwon Ping did his survey on corporate landscape before the success of Banyan Tree, harsh conclusion that his businesses were not sustainable. Banyan Tree needed a proprietary advantage to counter cost pressures. It could be a patented invention, but they were not technologically inclined.So the alternative Banyan Tree came up with, was to build a consumer brand which had to be not only(prenominal) sustainable, not only in Asia, but in a globalised market place. If Banyan Tree is to survive in a global marketplace and hospitality is perhaps one of the most global, because high-end tourists can easily make between say, Portugal or Phuket, Greenland or Greece they must be able to be among the best of breed, not only in their own backyard but in whatever markets their customers will go to.Their strategy was the only federal agency they could be a price-maker and not a price-taker. Any enterprise, even with innovations, can only set its own price until cheaper competitors emerge. In Banyan Trees case, innovative features such as pool villas and tropical spa pavilions argon no longer a monopoly for them. If imitation is the most sincere form of flattery, they can take solace in being flattered.But, with competitors emerging, the only way they can remain above price wars is to leverage the brand to sustain a price premium and customer loyalty. Branding makes a frightful difference in creating competitive advantage. Much of their decision-making regarding a new hypothesis is determined by its impact on their branding. This imperative for survival, rather than sight for success, is the fundamental driving force behind Banyan Tree, against their competitors.

Difference between growing up in rich and a poor family Essay

My character, physical, emotional, and psychological outgrowth would drastically be divers(prenominal) had I been born and raised in a poor family as opposed to a rich family. Growing up in a rich family, I would be more or less situate in a lot of aspects. For example, I wouldnt worry about(predicate) my endureonic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, and education, among others. My emotional and psychological development would also be nourished as I would be provided with things that would aid my growth such as toys and books, among others.It can also be verbalise that I would also be physically fit as I will always have ample food. In short, in a rich family, I would have a well-provided and highly secure purport in which most aspects of my growth and development would flourish. On the other hand, emergence in an impoverished family would have significantly unlike circumstances. I wouldnt have a guaranteed education nor would I be assured of my basic needs.My emotional and psychological development would be very difficult as I may become envious of rich people and purge development a feeling of resentment and shame towards my familys status. Since I wouldnt always have enough food, most of the time I would be physically unhealthy or malnourished. According to article, The Science of wee puerility Development Closing the Gap of What We Know and What We Do, which was done by Harvard Universitys National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, the early stages of childishness is a critical stage in the over-all development of a person.In the article, it is said that the early development of cognitive skills, emotional well-being, social competence, and laboured physical and mental health (4) lays a strong foundation for achiever into adulthood. Moreover, the article also noted that high levels of stress in childhood can significantly affect a persons air and physical and mental health.Meaning to say, the circumstances and the environment during childhood can significantly affect my emotional, physical, and psychological status which is why growing in a rich family and poor family can be significantly different from each other. *Word Count 354 Works Cited The Science of Early Childhood Development. January 2007. National Scientific Council On The Developing Child, Harvard University. 29 January 2009 .

Al Capone Revision

Al Capone Revision 0730 HIST 2020-010 4-23-07 Many mobsters have make it in the invoice books the past 100 years Billy the Kid, and tail end Gotti just to name a few. But none matched the notoriety that Al Capone had. Al Capone, short for Alphonsus Capone his birth name, was born on January 17, 1899 in Brooklyn, bare-assed York. Capone grew up with a troub take childhood. After dropping at of initiate in the sixth grade, Capone got in several gang ups of ruffians around town, but postal code too serious.Capone got sick of it and then became a member of the Five Points gang, led by Frankie Yale. After his stint with Yales gang, he was sent to freedom fighter Torrios gang, called the James Street Gang. From 1925 to 1931, Capone and his gangs ruled the streets of Chicago with their vicious mobster ways. Growing up in the early 1900s, you could say Capone had a unprocessed time with it. Torrio in short noticed the talent this young ruffian had and convinced him to with to Chica go to work with his uncle who was one of the cities main concerns with his prostitutes and gambling rings.Al Capone was concisely to be Chicagos, better yet Americas, most disreputable gangster and greatest symbol of illegal activities which prevented the citys proceeds because it was known as the policeless city. Capones short to be mega-network came done Torrios business. They were the initiates in the selling of illegal alcohol. Capone had power and wealth because he sold illegal alcohol, moonshine, throughout Chicago. After Torrio was shot and badly weakened by a rival gang, this left the rising star, Capone, to take everyplace the thriving business that they had started. Now, Capone was on top the of world at the bleak age of only 26.Although vicious, Capone did have somewhat of a good centre of attention when he helped homeless mess in Chicago with the first dope kitchen in 1929 by and by the stock patsyet crash. Although Capone did help starving people in Chic ago, he was a nuisance that needed to be stopped. This, to an extent, as was why the FBI and many other law enforcement agencies were formed. Several law enforcement agencies were built around the area because of crime, and we benefit from it today because if it werent for a epic time mobster like Capone, we might not have had the law enforcement agencies that we have today.Capones image was seen not only through the eye of Americans but through the eyes of the world and. People all over the globe thought he was just other thug gangster involved in organized crime. Capone had never done any study time for the crimes he did. Capone walked on water in Chicago, he was so correctly. Thats probably why he decided to open the dope up kitchens to earn people to like him more. Although this was a good act of abide by from Capone, the respect sure enough came tumbling down after his St. Valentines twenty-four hour period Massacre. On Feb. 14, 1929, the St.Valentines Day Massacre ma de a major invasion on the U. S. because it was the most vicious violence they had ever witnessed. Capone had an alibi for the make, which he always did. The St. Valentines Day Massacre started when Capons gang tricked the Moran gang into mentation it was a police raid when really it was Capones gang dolled up like police. As the men were staring at the wall fright of being arrested, the gang broke out with a lead shower of bullets into the backs of the seven members. Obviously, Capone had set this up to take down the rival gangs to ratify his regime.Although Capone took out an essential part of the gang, Bugs, the leader escaped after visual perception the police uniforms, thinking he was getting busted. After the Massacre, Capone and his wife bloody shame and their children moved to Florida because of the endangerment that Capone had put on them for not killing Bugs. After the Massacre, Capone soon came known as the gangster of the 20s. After the events of the St. Valenti nes Day massacre, Capones gang received more publicity than any other gang had received before this time. After getting out publicly in Chicago, it was soon on a national spotlight.Capone was now a mastermind of writers all across America. In 1929 While Capone was called before a luxe jury in Chicago, little did he know roughly the powerful people that were teaming up to try to take down this criminal. Capone thought that is was about all of the murders he had committed and so forth. Capone left a mark from this massacre that will be remembered by the United States forever and will sketch his name in as one the most merciless gangsters of all time. Capones impact of the nation at this time was monumental and glamorized by certain people in his society.Capones actions and organizations were getting out of control and soon had to be reckoned with. His way bear on people in the Chicago area because of his bad gangster activity as salubrious with his soup kitchens which was one o f the slim positive influences he had. In 1930, Capones empire slowly but surely flourished after many people working long and hard found a flaw with him, measure evasion. Al Capone was tried on October 17, 1931, when he was last imprisoned for five of 22 counts of tax evasion from 1925-1929. Everyone thought that you didnt pay taxes if you earned the money illegally until Capone made an example for everybody.In May, 1932, Capone was sent to battle of Atlanta to serve his 11-year sentence. As well as those charges, he also didnt file tax returns for 1928 and 1929. Capone had to pay $50,000 in fines for the counts of tax evasion, a irreverence for not filing tax returns, as well as violating prohibition laws. He also had $7,692 in court cost. Capone had no other choice but to throw in the flag. His life as a gangster was over. In May 1932, Capone started his 11-year sentence in Atlanta which was one of the roughest prisons in America at the time.While in prison, Capone managed t o export in a couple thousand dollars and paid the guards glowering age furnishing his cell with a mirrors, typewriter, rugs, and a set of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Capone was still in control because of the street credit that he obviously still had. Capone was soon taken to Alcatraz where he would be monitored frequently. Alcatraz wasnt any walk in the park. It was highly monitored where Capone was nothing else but another inmate. Capone was helpless now. Although helpless, Capone did cash in on good behavior and was granted some time off his sentence for good behavior.Capone, again, gave up on the rebellious life and started playacting the way the he was meant to from the start. Capone got along so well with everyone that he in truth had time cut off for bad behavior. Although Capone was calm himself, he did get into several fights with other inmates but none proved to be instigated by him. While working down in the prison basement, Capone got stabbed by another inmate whi le standing in line to get a haircut. He was sent to the penitentiary hospital were he stayed for several years soon to be released with a minor wound. Capone was finally released from Alcatraz on January 6, 1939.He then headed to the Federal Correctional Institution at Terminal Island in California where he stayed until November 16 of that year to serve his one-year misdemeanor charge. Capone returned to his mansion in Palm Island, Florida, after his release. The big, bad mobster from the 20s and 30s was slowly deteriorating. His overall body strength, weight, and mental capacity were all dropping at a rapid pace. Capone had gotten syphilis when he was younger and never did anything about it which led to dementia. On January 21, 1947, Capone had a apoplectic stroke and was out for several old age. Finally regaining consciousness, Capone the suffered from pneumonia three days later and went into a cardiac arrest which was probably all link up to his syphilis. Capone was buried i n Mount Olivet Cemetery in Chicago amongst his parents but then was moved to Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois. Capone was the pioneer of crime in America. We have our Jesse James and such but this was a different criminal. He was smart. Smart enough to get away from murder trials but unlucky enough and rich enough to become a victim of his own success. Scarface will always be remembered as the greatest mobster in the history of America.Bibliography Al Capone. Chicago Historical Society. http//www. chicagohs. org/history/capone. html assessed April 14, 2007. Al Scarface Capone. Alcatraz History. http//www. alcatrazhistory. com/cap1. htm assessed April 14, 2007. Al Capone. Wikipedia. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Al_Capone assessed April 14, 2007. Al Capone. Made in America. offensive Library. http//www. crimelibrary. com/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/capone/index_1. htm assessed April 14, 2007. Famous Cases. FBI History. http//www. fbi. gov/libref/historic/famcases/ capone/capone. htm assessed April 14, 2007.

Han china and imperial rome Essay

Rome was very successful because of its superior phalanx authority. That is the main influential factor that cemented Roman power for nearly a thousand years. They had several advantages rapid development of the a la mode(p) technology and coarse numbers of infantry along with a stable senate system and lots wealth to fuel their ambitions. It had sewers to control waste, aqueducts for plumbing and paved roads for point which many other nations simply did not have.Rome had a massive assortment of choices when it came to battle. Their army usually consisted of Hastati, Principes or Legionary age bracket in the later years marvelous soldiers and very useful ones to offer the least. Having said this, they had access to exceptional horses as well and it was this mixture of forces that was a deciding factor in conflicts. Rome used its downright force of numbers to overwhelm most enemies and surround them or hollow out in on their flanks causing a route very quickly. understandi ng you, tactics were used, but not effectively.The Romans took advantage of technological progressions and were only to joyful to inflict deadly harm upon their foes with ballistae, catapults, onagers and numerous other siege equipment. The devour they conquered poured much profit into the treasury which was distributed to the armed forces. This was able to give them the latest weapons, brand new armour, plenty of supplies and good morale. You can also liveliness at the sheer amount of land they claimed through war the imperium covered Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, parts of the Middle-East, Egypt, and the Africa coastline.Finally, the Romans brought the ideology of Christianity to the people in Europe influencing the events that were to play along in the future greatly, something that has changed the world today. They will be looked upon in super C years (during the Middle Ages) with their beliefs, attitudes, values, lifestyle and ingenuity being emulated.

Abstract Affirmative

Abstract approbatory (AA) bring through is a policy that the government gived for counteracting discrimination against people. This happened for the reason of presenting people the destiny of gaining oppose opportunities for employment education and business. Many of our formal presidents has authorized executive orders that was meant for every(prenominal) hiring to be free from discrimination of track down, color, or depicted object seed with all government contractors and the other specifically for associations that had accepted federal contracts and subcontracts think to end discrimination within the stimulateforce towards individuals where the focus was on race, color, religion, and national origin. Soon after affirmative activity was changed to include no disfavour against ones gender.Affirmative action consequently established preferential treatment towards all minorities and women in the hiring process and the chance to receive a higher education. affirmative acti on holds private employers accountable as well. during the civil rights movement avowal action was a tool that proposed opportunities for women and minorities and to provide bear uponity for them. in that respect be noned changes in how colleges recruit and enroll students ho using and also how using public transportation where now blacks can sit anywhere since genus Rosa Parks.Since affirmative action was primarily intended on improving chances for African Americans in employment and education but there is simmer down a low percentage of improvement that is why an executive order was sign-language(a) and it required all government and private industry crinkles to increase the descend of women disable individuals and minorities to either receive employment or to crap the talent to gain an education or have additional training for work enhancement.There atomic number 18 numerous organization that uses affirmative action and mate employment opportunity policies within the ir business structure there is still a controversy today surrounding these issues. I researched to see if rival employment opportunity and affirmative action policies mean the same thing. equal employment opportunity definition is that it bans all types of discrimination. this means that no proceeds the race or gender everyone has the same chance of obtaining and getting promotions and the added incentive of training as the workforce continues to grow.But then affirmative action focus on past discrimination acts which were meant to give women, disabled individuals, and minorities an equal footing in gaining employment and a higher education. it was to create par between the workers and employers however it has caused extra adversity in the workforce. because some(prenominal) believed that jobs held by whites were being jeopardized. has affirmative action been consistently and effectively used to create a more robust and productive workforce I would enjoin yes affirmative acti on has made it possible for umteen to see and build their desired goals such as their life dreams.I feel that there are still many obstacles but if one applies themselves there are no limitations. Barak Obama was our nations first black president and there are many who hold prominent leadership roles that which also includes women. recently in the password it was announced that the FBI for the first time in history may have a woman heading this department. though affirmative action has cause a long way there are those who still eliminate and dont offer equal chances for others to succeed.Affirmative action has allowed the workforce to become more diverse in races genders and cultures. we must remember that the affirmative action is not about letting minorities to get into college or to get a job but its about giving qualified individuals no matter their race a chance that they may not get otherwise. in destruction has affirmative action been consistently and effectively used to create a more robust and productive workforce i would say yes it has worked extremely well. I hope to see it continue because there are many more who could benefit from this program.

Empowering Women †Culture vs Modern Life Essay

The world today has allowed women to hold other positions unconnected from their traditional roles which atomic number 18 beingness temporarily pushed aside. Temporary because traditional roles and family responsibilities hatful never be ignored or eliminated and it is this responsibility that women need to be empowered to encourage and travel by them the confidence to venture pop and crystallize income to meet the demands of everyday life. The 20th century has become familiar with sex activity equality and to a greater extent women and girls ar stepping out of their traditional roles and embracing succeeder despite facing economic, social, cultural and educational issues.This essay will dispute the issue of empowering women as a schema used to help women and investment funds in education as the driving forces of overcoming problems and help forge a better futurity. Firstly, in our environment today we see more women stepping out of their traditional roles to work regar dless of low or high paying(a) income. The injury on the economical level they face is the power of wealth where unnecessary seize placeing does not allow for savings for the future. Women tend to give in to husbands demands and with peer pressure want for luxury items far beyond their affordability. For instance, our environment thunder mug influence the way we spend especially wanting what others have, for character, purchasing a vehicle do-nothing exhaust funds and throw debt and borrowing. Economically this slows the growth of the economy and encourages poverty at heart families and the partnership.Secondly, the social disadvantage women face as they begin to take up high responsibilities and thus, finality making within their household and at work encourages them to stand for their rights on any issues they face. This can lead to many social problems as they are exposed to many lifestyles such as the way they dress, attitudes and behavior changes. These changes can result to problems within the household and the community which leads to violence within families and amongst husband and wives or women and the community. In Bagdad, Afghanistan women who sought work in township are changing the way they dress from wearing their cultural wear, burka (clothes that cover closely of their entire body) to wearing short skirts and blouses to work. This has angered whatsoever(prenominal) husbands and in February 21st Pritka Singhs husband killed her for bringing shame into the family as a mother. (Fiji Times, March 4 2013 p.19)Lastly, in most Pacific Island countries and some places within the Asian and Middle East countries, womens role is to encumbrance at home and look after the families while the husbands earn income to actualise the family financially. But as women begin to shift roles and work to earn an income, most women begin to spend most of their time at work sort of than at home. For this reason most families system begins to break up as children are left to care for themselves and the upbringing by their caretakers are under superintend can lead children to poor health. Also, divorce and broken homes happen when mothers and fathers spend time away from each other and reconciliation is beyond repair. (Personal conference Priscilla Tongi)However, even though the disadvantages are discouraging I feel that these problems can be fixed and overcome as strategies of empowering of women begin to take place. In the past, women were not allowed to stand up among men to start upicipate in ratiocination making but the 20th century has allowed this and why empowering of women has made a positive impact on women so far.Firstly, the advantage of empowering women to do more and engage in formal work possibility leads to economic growth. A study shows that women in Australia who held positions as board directors significantly had higher financial returns, including 53 percent higher returns on equity, 24 percent higher re turns on sales and 67 percent higher returns on invested bully (www.wikipedia.org). This shows that female workers use strategies that communicate swell with their employees to motivate them to perform well within the environment they work in.Secondly, the mentalities of men as the superior of twain genders begin to change as women become empowered and begin to take up responsibilities similar to men. Here women have the confidence and courage to situate decisions within their household, workplaces and the society as a whole. They rise from fear of being teased, mocked, seen as worthless and not important and begin to take part in important discussions with males to help their families and communities. (www.ifad.org) This social advantage helps in plus fundamental rights of women.Finally, Education is an important element to any development within a society and without proper education poverty emerges. Through empowering of women, this strategy has encouraged more women to atte nd school and given the same opportunities as the male. Universities and other formal education enhances understanding on different palm like health, economics, politics etc to help them make unsloped decisions within their families and society.(www.ifd.org) For example in Honiara at the Anglican Satellite church at burn down Creek , Literacy classes for the rural uneducated mothers are held twice a hebdomad to help them to read and write .Hence, confidence in attending community meetings and sharing in decision makings with the community become easy. Investment in education should be a priority to assist women become good role models and with educational achievements of women are more likely to be looked upon as setting good examples. (personal communication Shirley Nokia)Based on the evidence presented in this essay, empowerment of women is a positive strategy which encourages women, whereas in the past, little was through and through with(p) to allow women to step out from th eir traditional roles and into higher positions. Although the disadvantages hinder women through economical, social and educational issues, the advantages are more promising and through investment in education especially, women and girls can have a better future and make a better world for all.

The Turning Point of the American Civil War: Battle of Gettysburg or Siege of Vicksburg?

The Turning Point of the Ameri send word Civil warfare involution of Gettysburg or besieging of besieging of siege of siege of siege of Vicksburg? The American Civil fight, also k non as the War Between the States, was a brutal onslaught between the sum (the North) and the coalition (the South) originating in the fractious issue of slavery. The ruthlessness of this war, mostly fought in the South, lasted from 1861 finished 1865, where the conspiracy was ultimately defeated, slavery was abolished, and the extremely difficult put to work of the reconstruction of the unify States and its unity began.thither were more meshings fought during the American Civil War including the betrothal of Fort Sumter, the booking of Yorktown, and the booking of Han over, how invariably, the most known opposite is the involution of Gettysburg. The Battle of Gettysburg took place in Pennsylvania from July 1st through July 3rd of 1863. usual Robert E. Lee (commanding the cooperator soldi ery) concentrated his full readiness against Major world(a) George G. Meades Army of the Potomac ( marrow) at the crossroads county merchantman of Gettysburg.On July 1st, companion and center forces collided at Gettysburg, with General Lees objective being to engage the wedlock host and to destroy it. Initi everyy, the Union defended imprint ridges to the northwest of town. Unfortunately for the two corps of Union infantry and the Union cavalry division that was defending the region two large corps of collaborator infantry assaulted them from the north and northwest. This collapsed the hastily developed Union lines of defense lawyers and move the defenders retreating south through the streets of town and to the hills close by.On the second daytime of battle, July 2nd, most of the Union and Confederate armies had been assemb guide. Fierce fighting raged this day, figuratively and literally staining the ground crimson with blood. Despite the onslaught of the coalition, t he Union managed to go over their lines even with the significant losings that they suffered. On July 3rd, the last day of the Battle of Gettysburg, the Union legions repulsed the attack with triggerman fire, at great losses to the Confederate array. General Lee led his army on a torturous retreat back to Virginia, making the Union the victor of the battle.But was the Battle of Gettysburg really the number point of the Civil War? All that the Battle of Gettysburg accomplished was prohibiting the Confederacy from further travel into Union territory. This is where the besieging of Vicksburg comes into play. Believed to be integrity of the most remarkable campaigns of the American Civil War, the Siege of Vicksburg is also arguably the bout point of the Civil War militarily. General Ulysses S. makes campaign on Vicksburg secured john Pembertons armys surrender on July 4th, 1863 as well(p) as the manuscript River firmly in Union hands.With that, the Confederacys fatality was all only when sealed. Also known as the Battle of Vicksburg, this confrontation was a culmination of a long land and ocean campaign by Union forces to capture this strategic position. Abraham Lincoln (the professorship at the time) recognized the significance of Vicksburg. He said, Vicksburg is the key, the war can never be brought to a close until that key is in our pocket. There were many attempts at securing Vicksburg, the first being in the summer of 1862.It include a prolonged bombardment by Union naval vessels, tho unfortunately after the ships withdrew the attempt failed. General destine was moving his process on land towards the town from the rear. However, his advance ended when General Nathan Bedford For equalizer of the Confederacy destroyed consecrates rail hang on line, and General Earl avant-garde Dorn of the Confederacy captured the Union supply base at Holly Springs. General deal out tried again that December, but again was met with failure. Another Union General, General William T. Sherman, led an assault against the high ground of the Chickasaw Bluffs north of Vicksburg.To the Unions dismay this resulted in nearly 1,800 casualties of their own with only just over 200 casualties to the Confederate defenders. Because of this, devotes men attempted to bechance ways through the shallow and narrow bayous to bypass what is called the Confederate Gibraltar of the atomic number 74. After calendar months of trying to find a bypass, assign finally pertinacious that his army would have to operate south of Vicksburg, which would require the cooperation of the navy. To mask his armys movement down the lanthanum position of the Mississippi river, Grant had Sherman administer two deceptive maneuvers north of Vicksburg.On April 16th, 1863, Rear Admiral David Dixon doorkeeper traveled down the Mississippi River, running a gauntlet of guns fire from the Vicksburg cliff, and met with Grants army. In the largest amphibious operation ever con ducted by an American force before World War II, gatekeeper and Grant transferred 24,000 men and 60 guns from the west camber to the east bank of the Mississippi. Unopposed at Bruinsburg, Mississippi they landed and began borderland toward gilt disconnect and Port Gibson which were towns that were to the north along the river.On May 1st, four divisions of the Union army clashed with a Confederate brigade near Port Gibson. This battle speak to each side between 700 and 900 men. Even with the losses, the two river towns were captured without any more significant fighting between the Union and the Confederacy. With General Sherman leading the rest of General Grants army, they then crossed the river at Grand Gulf, bringing the force to over 45,000 men. He then turned them all inland toward the Mississippi state capital, Jackson.There were two Confederate forces in the area, one in Jackson of only approximately 5,000 soldiers and another at Vicksburg of approximately 26,500 soldier s who were under the leadership of General throne C. Pemberton. One of Grants advancing divisions came into contact with a Confederate force at Raymond on May 12. Although this was not a major battle, it was this confrontation that sent Pembertons army retreating. After hours of confused conflict, the Confederate army withdrew from the battle and ran to the shelter of Vicksburg. After a few more battles, General Grant decided to besiege Vicksburg on May 25th, 1863.He devised a excogitate that is still studied to this day as a basis for siege warfare. Inside the town of Vicksburg, civilians were huddled in caves to avoid the artillery shells that Grants army were constantly bombarding the town with. Foods as well as other much needed supplies were cut off from the town. Animals like dogs, cats, horses, and sometimes even rats were reportedly becoming part of the diets of civilians and soldiers alike. Conditions for the town of Vicksburg became so unbearable that on July 3rd, 1863, General Pemberton of the Confederacy rode out to discuss the peshold of surrender of his army.The next morning on July 4th, 1863 Pembertons men began marching out and stacking their guns in surrender to Grants army. The metropolis of Vicksburg was so defeated by the surrender that they would not celebrate liberty Day thereafter until well into the 20th century. During the Siege of Vicksburg, Union and Confederate forces alike kept busy in their supporting roles on the Louisiana side of the Mississippi River. Lieutenant General Edmund Kirby smith of the Confederacy authentic a telegraph form Pemberton requesting a movement against Grants communication lines along the Mississippi.To the Confederacys dismay, Grant had established supply depots at Millikens Bend, Youngs Point, and Lake Providence within smiths jurisdiction. However, Smith failed to recognize the importance of Pembertons situation. It wasnt until June when Smith finally decided to act on Pembertons request the mont h earlier. To the growing Confederate activity in the area, Grant decided to react by dispatching troops from the Vicksburg trenches across the Mississippi River. General John G. Walkers Confederate division on the Louisiana side of the Mississippi was of particular concern.Its presence could possibly aid Pembertons Confederate armys escape from the city of Vicksburg. Therefore, the Union sent a brigade in the vicinity of Millikens Bend to stop the threat. more smaller battles were fought to prevent support to those in Vicksburg one include an artillery battery targeting an iron foundry that was recasting spent Union artillery shells as the men returned to De Soto Point. The targeted foundry was destroyed on June 25th. excess Confederate activity occurred on June 29th at Goodrichs Landing.The Confederates attacked a plantation and army training center run by condition slaves. They destroyed the plantations and captured over a hundred former slaves before disengaging in the face o f the Union army. Confederate raids such as these were disruptive and caused damage, but they were only minor setbacks. They also showed the Confederates that they could only cause momentary disturbances in the area and ultimately would not halt the Union. Later in the Siege of Vicksburg, Union troops tunneled under the 3rd Louisiana Redan and packed the exploit with 2,200 pounds of gunpowder, then proceeded to detonate it.The explosion destroyed the Confederate lines on June 25th, speckle an infantry attack followed the blast. The 45th Illinois Regiment (known as the Lead exploit Regiment) charged into the 40 foot diameter 12 foot deep crater with ease, but unfortunately they were stopped by the recovering Confederate infantry. The Union soldiers became pinned down spot the defenders also rolled the artillery shells with short fuses into the pit with very deadly results. Union engineers worked to set up a casemate in the crater in order to extricate the infantry, and in short the soldiers fell back to a peeled defensive line.From the crater leftover by the explosion on June 25th, Union miners worked to cop a new mine to the south and on July 1st this mine was detonated but no infantry attack followed the explosion. This attack was much more successful repayable to the brilliance of General Grants leadership the fortress city had fallen, and with the surrender of Port Hudson on July 9th, the Mississippi River was firmly in Union hands, leaving the Confederacy effectively split into two. During the Siege of Vicksburg, the Unions casualties mounted up to just under 5,000 men while the Confederacy lost over 32,000 men.The full forty-seven day siege claimed many lives, but in doing so many were also saved. With the Mississippi in Union hands, communication between the Confederate army was lost, which ultimately secured the fate of the war being in the Unions favor. The Battle of Gettysburg, although a very important engagement between the Union and the Co nfederacy, was not the turning point of the American Civil War militarily. After crossing the Mississippi River on April 30th, 1863, General Ulysses S. Grants Union army waged a fighting campaign and maneuvered to isolate the city of Vicksburg and the Confederate army defending it.The constant defeats Grant and his army inflicted gave the Confederate commander General John C. Pemberton no choice but to retreat to the defenses of the city of Vicksburg and hold out until much needed reinforcements could arrive. On May nineteenth and May 22nd, General Grant launched a series of frontal assaults against Pembertons forces, suffering heavy casualties. Finding it irresponsible to continue these frontal assaults, Grant decided to lay siege to the city of Vicksburg, ordering his men to dig a series of trenches to the Confederate standings.For 47 days, the Union bombarded Vicksburg while the Confederate soldiers and civilians alike suffered the hardships of siege warfare On July 4th, General Pemberton surrendered his army to General Grant and the Union, ending the siege and granted control of the life-sustaining Mississippi River in the Norths hands, effectively cutting the Confederacy in half. Grants success here secured the Souths fate and inevitably led to the Union victory. The Battle of Gettysburg was not the turning point of the Civil War considering all that the Union achieved was prohibiting the Confederacy from continue north.The Siege of Vicksburg destroyed the Confederacy offensive and ultimately led to the end of the American Civil War with the North as the victors, the abolishment of slavery, and the beginning of the reconstruction of the south as well as the United States of America. Bibliography 1. Bearss, Edwin C. palm of Honor Pivotal Battles of the Civil War. Washington, D. C field geographic Society, 2006 2. Hay, Thomas Robson. Confederate Leadership at Vicksburg. The Mississippi Valley historical Review. 11. no. 4 (1925) pp. 543-560 3. Hoehling , A. Vicksburg 47 Days of Siege. Stackpole Books, 1996. 400.Print 4. Rhodes, James Ford. The Battle of Gettysburg. (1899) pg. 665-677 5. Sabin, Edwin L. Vicksburg, and after Being the Experience of a Southern Merchant and Non-Combatant during the Sixties. The Sewanee Review. 15. no. 4 (1907) pg. 485-496 6. Woodworth, Steven E. Jefferson Davis and His Generals The Failure of Confederate Command in the West. Lawrence University Press of Kansas, 1990 1 . James Ford Rhodes, The Battle of Gettysburg (1899) pg. 665-677 2 . Rhodes, James Ford. The Battle of Gettysburg. (1899) pg. 665-677 3 .Bearss, Edwin C. Fields of Honor Pivotal Battles of the Civil War. Washington, D. C National geographical Society, 2006 4 . Edwin C. Bearss,Fields of Honor Pivotal Battles of the Civil War, (Washington, D. C National Geographic Society, 2006) 5 . Hoehling, A. Vicksburg 47 Days of Siege. Stackpole Books, 1996. 400. Print. 6 . Bearss, Edwin C. Fields of Honor Pivotal Battles of the Civil War. Wa shington, D. C National Geographic Society, 2006 7 . Thomas Robson Hay, Confederate Leadership at Vicksburg,The Mississippi Valley historical Review, 11, no. 4 (1925) pp. 543-560 8 . Edwin L. Sabin, Vicksburg, and after Being the Experience of a Southern Merchant and Non-Combatant during the Sixties,The Sewanee Review, 15, no. 4 (1907) pg. 485-496 9 . Thomas Robson Hay, Confederate Leadership at Vicksburg,The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 11, no. 4 (1925) pp. 543-560 10 . Steven E. Woodworth,Jefferson Davis and His Generals The Failure of Confederate Command in the West, (Lawrence University Press of Kansas, 1990) 11 . Hoehling, A. Vicksburg 47 Days of Siege. Stackpole Books, 1996. 400. Print 12 . Hoehling, A. Vicksburg 47 Days of Siege. Stackpole Books, 1996. 400. Print

Skeletal Survey

Skeletal survey is a consistently defy series of radiographic images that include the entire picture or those anatomical reference areas suitable for clinical indicators (The Ameri quite a littlea College of radiography, 2014). Moreover, it using x-ray beam that pass done the patient electromagnetically to capture and take few x-ray images of body from the skull to feet (Adam ,2017).In addition, radiography skeletal survey are necessary in many clinical conditions such as , Skeletal dysplasias, disseminated infections, metastatic bone disease, ninefold myeloma, venture child abuse and many other pathologies in pediatric. The just about common indication of it is child abuse. According to centers for disease control and saloon (2009), child abuse is any recreate or series of act or neglect from the parent or other care supportr that harm the child.Child abuse is one of the common problem which can find in the social and ethnic borders. For instant, in 1993, US the trio Nat ional Incidence Study of Child Abused shown that approximately 1,553,800 children in United States were abused. Therefore skeletal surveys are applied to determine the corporeal injuries in children according to specific guidelines.Furthermore, the skeletal survey performed on suspected abuse to provide enough anatomic detailed to image the skeleton of them or any young patients. However, there are special stander that make by American college of radiology that mention there were special photo cassettes and intensifying screens to reduce the radiation exposure and they mention that low sexually transmitted disease enough for chest and abdomen however its insufficient in some part like rib, metaphysical and other high specific injuries. besides it should provide without an anti scatter grid and faster general for particularly thicker part. Nowadays, digital or computed radiography are used in nigh hospitals for pediatric imaging. DR and CR produce high theatrical role image as it replace the conventional film/screen imaging. DR produce high type image because it is lower in spatial resolution tan traditional film/screen imaging.Also the skill of doing post processing provide the ability to modify the image to avoid repeating the examinations and provide the ability to compare in diagnostic performance for skeletal imaging. Moreover, it provides the ability to rent low exposure value to reduce dosage with producing high quality diagnostic image.

All Consuming Images

What is Ewen trying to understand in regards to the governance of sort and what atomic number 18 his research questions? Which methods does he use to conduct this abstract? Ewen in his study of fashion is trying to understand how this came to be of limit importance in our society. Obviously, considering himself a scholar and trying to make an intrusion on his students, Ewen is perplexed, when after reviewing the impact of the visual modality media on our society, the most measurable question a student can ask him, is Where did you get your home? Why does it matter? This is what Ewen wants to understand. When did port be cum re saveative of all that we are?And how did become tied to social power. Ewen, although able to recognize the symbols of course in our society, through images on magazines, fashion, interior design, found it difficult to define what style is, and the universal preoccupation with style in this society. Ewen believed that understanding this preoccupati on, would ultimately raise an understanding of this contemporary culture. Ewen was curious of this whim, that made such an impact on our society, yet lacked concrete understanding. Style is elusive, yet craved by every genius. This innovation of style is both perceptive and confounding. The idea that styleis a guidance that the valet de chambre values, structures, and assumptions in a given society are aesthetically denotative and received is a powerful insight. Ewen found that the concept of style was practically determined by current fads or modes of behavior. Style can be defined by its currency, and also defined by its consumption. One of the of import points of a style is that it will not remain current. Ewen asked his students to write an adjudicate entitled What Style Means to Me. He established the ground rules No dictionary definitions No academic or research papers affiliation on your protest experiences and feelings nigh styleEwen believed that each of t heir essays would reveal how their definition of style was essentially part of their history and experience. Every story could be pursue to reveal many things about the particular individuals and throngs that are spoken for the way throng express themselves, the way they conform, the way they rebel. Ewen found through their essays that their were similarities in that at some point, most of them equated style with consumption and the power of the hoi polloi media to define and influence popular notions of style. Ewen wants to determine the meaning of the prominence, significance andconsumption of style, and how it has come to be a contemporary pheno menon. Ewen is concerned about the ability of the mass media to define style and its ability to create a way of life. The slew we view apparently inhabit a universe of bounty. They wear dresses be thousands. They break in castles. Their encounters with interior designers lead to unrestrained flights of fancy. Their desires, their fantasies, their whims are painlessly translated into objective forms. There are no conflicts. In the name of well-grounded taste, there is no mention of cost. There is no anxiety about affordability. Style, in contemporary culture, appears to offer the opportunity to have all that one desires, without ever even questioning if it what should be desired. Question 2 victimisation THREE EXAMPLES from the book, explain at least two ways that in the flesh(predicate) experience (and/or identity) is related to the politics of style. According to Ewen, the power of style has become an increasingly feature in the lives of individuals. Style is a indubitable reference point by which we have come to understand life in progress. Take for example the invitation that an individual may receive from American Express, to receive their new atomic number 79 Card. lonesome(prenominal) a select group will ever carry the coin Card. So it instantly identifies you as someone specialone who expects an added measure of courtesy and personal attention. . . . The Gold Card says more about you than anything you can buy with it. We judge its m you joined the select group who carry it. It is a gesture that speaks volumes. It says you are someone specialwhose style of living requires very special privileges. individual whose financial credentials rank among the nations highest. Someone who appreciatesindeed, has come to expectan pleonastic measure of courtesy and personal attention. In fact, the Gold Card in your namesays more about you than almost anything you can buy with it. This is a tell of unspoken prestige. You will be find oneselfn. You will be noticed. The symbols you display, your most precious possessions, will permit you to stand apart from the crowd. You will be notable and honored. You will be someone. You will have joined the select group. Only the faint remnant of perforationsat the top and bottom edges of the personalized earnsuggests that this promise o f individual identity is world made, simultaneously, to a mass of others. This is a typical manner in which the mass media and consumerism do define style, as set by Ewen. It speaks to the quality of life that will be held by the person who has the Gold Card, as though being identified as royalty. This person not only has style and power, moreover already has the American Dream. When a raise spunk class of merchants began to appropriate the marks of style from the late pith Ages on, it was a tangible expression of their increasing power, both locally and globally. When they took on the vestments, titles, and properties previously monopolized by the aristocracy, it was because they had assumed a central, increasingly decisive identify in the world.While policy-making structures took time to acknowledge their franchise, these merchant capitalists were becoming men of power. According to Ewen, this middle class claiming of power, was a mask, to let them feel as powerful as the elite that claimed social power. Its symbolic identification with power, this middle class performed, and continues to perform, a political function it effects divisions among people who differently might identify with one another. Ewen cites the impact of the mass media and its ability to dispose the American public of their personal worth as evidenced by their style. By the late 1950s, Fortunemagazine asserted, nearly all Americans had the option of choosing a upstanding style of life A skilled mechanic who earns $7,500 after taxes may hire to continue living in working class style, retardation saving sizable sums for his childrens college education or he may choose to live like a junior executive in his own $17,000 suburban house or he may choose to live in a city apartment house otherwise booked by business and professional men. When the American masses have options of this breadth, . . . it is barely an exaggeration to suggest that we have arrived at a landmark in all t he history of human freedoms.(1) people constantly express their personalities not so much in words as in symbols (ie mannerisms, dress, ornaments, possessions) (2)most people are increasingly concerned about what other people think of them, and hence about their social status. Thus the taste of many Americans is evince in symbols of various social positions. . . . people tend to buy things that be their aspirations. Our social status and hence our social power are identified by our belongings and those personal possessions that we choose. Question 3 In the blockage chapter, Ewen begins by suggesting that In American Society todayimage oversight has become both a lucrative business and a necessity. He concludes that in countless aspects of life the powers of appearance have come to overshadow, or to shape, the way we comprehend matters of substance. What are his conclusions regarding this form of social control? What do you think of his argument? What began for Ewen as a quest to understand wherefore one student found more importance in his lieu than his message, Ewen uncovered what is perhaps our failing in contemporary society. Image focussing in contemporary society is a billion dollarbusiness, with people being willing to do whatever it takes, to achieve the double-dyed(a) status and the perfect image. The perfect image sells Image is created by an individuals style. For most individuals, style is created by what is identified in the mass media as valuable, status enhancing, and important. Our priorities are in great part determined by what the mass media determines as important. This is a belief that is upheld by not only the commercial industry but our main sources of news If the news helps to promulgate an ongoing cognitive confusion, most related are the dominant channels of political influence.As far backward as the presidency of Andrew Jackson, when the vote was extended beyond the propertied classes, political style makers have negotiated between the objective power and interests of ruling elites on the one hand, and rising popular democratic aspirations on the other. Social inequalities of wealthiness and opportunity were transformed, by the hoodoo of political promotion, into a consensual notion of common interest. I absolutely agree that the perception or post represents the ascendancy of politics as pure public relations. If we continue to switch off all social issues to simply matters ofperception, that is the only place where we will see change. If that is how we address social needs, we will only see an image change, preferably than real change that is needed. The impulse to dissociate images from social experience, or to present images as a surrogate for experience, is reiterated throughout our culture. The perpetual repetition of this energizingaffecting our sense. Ewen represents a compelling study of the effect of image and style on contemporary society. The value of individuals in this society is determined by their image and their ability to project that image to others.