English 152 Essays - Abuse, Police Brutality, Political Repression

English 152 Tue. 6:30-9:40 Police Brutality What is police brutality? It is "excessive assault" on citizens with minor infractions, particularly among minorities. Police brutality has always scarred its victims, notably among minorities. It undermines public confidence in law enforcement officers. Police brutality or harassment against minorities is so widespread that white officers may never be trusted by most people of color. When an Afro-American or minority dies at the hands of white police officers, it becomes a racial issue. Only until recently with the Rodeny King incident that police brutality has surfaced. Police brutality or harassment can happen in a large city to a small town as it happened to me. On one occasion, about seven years ago, a friend and I were pulled over in Charlotte, Michigan late at night on the way back to Battle Creek from Lansing. I was the driver, driving through the town doing the speed limit, when my friend and I noticed a police car sitting in a vacant lot monitoring traffic. As we passed the police car, the two officers looked right at us. At that point, I turned to my friend and told him that we were going to be pulled over or followed. Sure enough, the police car pulled out from the lot and followed us until just before the end of the city limits and pulled us over. We had not been drinking, smoking or breaking any laws. So why did we get pulled over? It was because we were black and that we looked suspicious in the police's eyes. The two police officers approached my car and one of the officers said, "there was a robbery that took place at a convience store by two black males that fled the area recently," and that was the reason for being pulled o ver. We were asked to get out of the vehicle, got padded down and my car was searched for contraband. I maintained my composure even though both of us were very angry for being treated like criminals. We were allowed to leave, but what would have happened if I had voiced my opinion about being pulled over? I probably would have been arrested or something else. Being on a country road, nobody would have seen what might have happened. If I had pursued it any further by reporting the harassment to their chief, they would have taken the side of their own officers. Incidents like my example happens. Not all Minorities are pulled over. Just the ones that look like suspected drug dealers by the way we dress and the cars we drive. Should a person be judged by material things? No! Case in point, What happen to me! With these negative stereotypes, minorities and Afro-Americans like me have generated a "distrust in law enforcement. A study conducted by Joe Feagin, University of Florida sociologist and nationally noted expert on race relations and University of Florida researcher Kim Lersch, found that: [b]lacks and Latinos were victims in 97% of the brutality cases documented. White Officers were involved in 93% of the assaults. In the survey of major national and Regional newspaper between January 1990 and May 1993, the study found reports of 130 incidents of police brutality against minorities. Feagin and Lersch found that blacks and latinos were more than likely to be victims of police brutality if they were disrespectful in their demeanor towards the officers than if they had posed a deadly threat. The study also showed that white officers are rarely penalized when they assault minorities(qtd. in Jet 15). With such statics, we can see that we have a problem in this country. The most recent police brutality case happen early this year, in Southern California, involving latinos in a high speed chase with the sheriffs deputies. Excessive assault wasn't necessary. Had the suspects been white, would the situation been different? Probably so. There is a need to change law enforcement policies thus far. The motto "to protect and to serve" is basically true. To me, "to protect" means to protect me from criminals that may cause harm and "to serve" means to serve the public 24 hours a day. It's when corrupt officers go beyond the

The Snake essays

The Snake essays A short story by John Steinbeck, The Snake depicts the strange encounter between a man, Dr. Phillips, and a mysterious woman who arrives at his laboratory one night. The central theme of the tale revolves around Steinbecks interpretation of the contrast between men and women. It appears that his idea was: Men represent reason; Women represent nature. In the story we watch as the two opposing sides meet each other in the dark laboratory. Steinbeck uses the first two pages of the story to characterize the differences between the male character and the female. Dr. Phillips is portrayed as being a young man in seemingly good shape, as he is able to climb up over the rocks, and having preoccupied eyes of one who looks through the microscope a great deal Right away Steinbeck illustrates Phillips masculinity by showing his attempt at mastering nature; when the Doctor calmly selects a cat from a cage and kills the animal in the quest of scientific knowledge, he does it because it is reasonable and logical to try and better understand the way that nature works. It stark contrast to the clean cut Dr. Phillips, the woman visitor is shown as A tall, lean woman... dressed in a severe dark suit-her straight black hair, growing low on a flat forehead, was mussed as though the wind had been blowing it. Her black eyes glittered in the strong light. The description of her hair is very important in that it shows she is allowing nat ure to affect her as it would naturally, and not trying to be a master over its effects like Phillips when he wore rubber boots and leather coat while out in the tide pool. Now that the characters have met face to face, Phillips continues about his work while the woman waits patiently for him to finish. The tone of the story begins to change at this point away from a story about the scientific work of Dr. Phillips to a battle between the forces of man ...

Film response Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Film response - Movie Review Example The monster eventually disappears with a young girl who parents finally start following. The US government issues a warning regarding the dangerous virus from the monster that forces the Korean government to isolate its citizens and shut the area down to prevent the spread of the virus. The movie â€Å"The Host† presents a political, societal, economic, and environmental aspect. As compared to other Korean blockbusters, the film does not tend to draw overtly on nationalism or the notion of the Korean nation. The film provides evidence of a noticeable disconnection between the pro-self-rule philosophy that is suitable for the domestic film industry and its trade and industry interests. While featuring overtly nationalist sentiments and avoiding direct tackling of any specific national issues, the film provides multilayered entry points for viewers of different nationalities and social backgrounds, stretching from Korean multiplex audiences to international art-house audiences (Nikki 47). Eminent for its â€Å"messy† features, the film invites multiple readers. While drawing on specific historical memories of South Korean society, the film as well touches on contemporary global political happenings. Therefore, most readers and viewers perceive the film as a political satire of the American government’s latest military campaigns – War on Terror – and its relationship with South Korean government. Since the movie’s monster is unnamed and does not have overt symbolic connotations – the movie does not serve an allegorical, nationalist function – the meaning viewers take away from the film are polygonal, not one-dimensionally nationalistic. The movie conveys high-octane ecstasies while artfully exploiting modern political fears, with few inspired visual humor intensifying its overriding mood of popcorn-movie excitement. The movie may be born outside sociopolitical tensions such as the scares about avian flu, but it is also a

In george orwell's Animal Farm, what is the difference between art and Essay

In george orwell's Animal Farm, what is the difference between art and propanda - Essay Example The process of achieving absolute power, the art of misinformation, and the way oppressed are perpetually oppressed in order to enjoy political power are allegorically portrayed in Animal Farm by the skilful use of irony and satire. A close scrutiny of the role of art and propaganda in Animal Farm is the focus of this paper. For a totalitarian government propaganda is essential in order to influence its audience. After selecting some important facts or information, they are presented in such a persuasive manner that they get injected into the minds of the people with little resistance. Propaganda is also needed to counter this kind of move. For example â€Å"our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies†, tells Old Major to his comrades (Ch. 1). The revolutionary spirit is thus put in the minds of the general public, by Old Major, in Manor Farm. Therefore, propaganda is an inevitable political t ool in a society. The problem arises when the information is selected with a sinister motive, to achieve some selfish interest for a person or a party, or when it becomes harmful to the people, in this book for the animals: "War is war. The only good human being is a dead one" (Ch. 1V). The stress here is on the emotional response rather than on the rational response. This kind of propaganda is used to further some political agenda without taking the welfare of the people into consideration. Ultimately it also assumes the form of political warfare, leading to totalitarianism. Orwell has not written his novel to appease any particular party. John Rodden writes, â€Å"Orwell reportedly told his friend Stephen Spender, the well-known English poet, that he â€Å"had not written a book against Stalin in order to provide propaganda for capitalists† (Rodden, 135). Therefore, Animal Farm is to be seen as a work of art written to condemn all forms of totalitarianism. Animal Farm, the refore, is not a political work intended to propagate that totalitarianism is bad. On the contrary, it is a literary work which only takes the evil nature of totalitarianism as its content. It enables the students to study all aspects of satire, and also enlightens them on how effective allegory is in literature. Character development is superb in Animal Farm. â€Å"Squealer, with very round cheeks, twinkling eyes, nimble movements, and a shrill voice† reveals his true nature (Ch. 11). Orwell gives minute details of each and every animal, its natural instincts, without forgetting that they are the caricatures of great political personalities. Their role is to propagate to the readers the idiosyncrasies of their human originals in politics they represent, and they do it extremely well without forgetting their original tails or wings. Variety is the richness of Animal Farm, an assembly of complex and conflicting characters uniting for a purpose. They reenact the historical and political events superbly, which if presented as a book of history or politics would have generated repulsion and boredom. In the hands of Orwell art and propaganda converge to gift to the readers a fantastic piece of literary work. The working class is presented in the novel very

Drug Use Amongst Police Officers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Drug Use Amongst Police Officers - Essay Example It also shows that key causes of the drug use that does exist include job-related stress, unique opportunity, and features of police culture. The effects of such drug use have negative impacts not just on the using officer, but also on colleagues and family. Durkheim's paradigm of functionalism is useful in analyzing this phenomenon. It helps explain how a poorly-functioning system can lead to increased police drug use, and a well-functioning system can reduce police drug use. Brunet (2003) surveyed a wealth of drug literature published from 1984 to 2002. Most found that low numbers of officers used illegal drugs. Several studies showed that anywhere from .31% to 20% of tested police officers in departments across the US and Australia used drugs. By comparison, a U.S. Department of Justice survey (2008) found that, while 8.2 % of full-time workers across America are regular drug users, those in protective service occupations, such as police were least likely to be users, with a rate of 3.4%. While the number of officers who use drugs may actually be quite small, the cases the public finds out about often cause terrific backlash. Effects of such use are felt by the individual officer, the police department as a whole, and the officer's family. The consequences impact public safety, public trust, and the ability of police to assist in the prosecution of criminals. Other consequences include the potential for greater corruption, reduced job productivity, and more civil liability for departments. Police officers who use drugs also place their families at greater risk for dysfunction and put their jobs at risk. Durkheim's paradigm of functionalism is beneficial in understanding drug use amongst police. It also provides insights into why some who are sworn to uphold the law break it in the very worst ways. Durkheim focused on the interactions and interdependence of society. He proposed that a smoothly functioning society had roles for individuals and norms to guide behaviors. When there is equilibrium in the system, individual needs are met and society works. When there is disequilibrium, society and individuals in society can suffer greatly. It is just this situation with drug use amongst police. Causes of Police Officer Drug Use As with the rest of the population, the causes of drug use amongst police officers are wide and varied. Stress, opportunity, and police culture are cited in many studies as central causes of drug abuse by police. According to Gorta (2008), police in Australia indicated that stress in their work and personal lives sometimes led to drug use. Many officers cited stressful situations such as killing someone in the line of duty or chasing someone in a high-speed pursuit as causing inordinate amounts of stress (Brunet, 2003). Many note that organizational rules, regulations, and procedures are stressors. Shift work and working irregular hours, as well as

Time Management: History and Concepts

Time Management: History and Concepts WARMING UP TO THE CONCEPT OF TIME Now go on and enjoy yourself, dance to your hearts content and win the Princes heart. But remember, you have to be back before the clock strikes twelve at midnight. We all are familiar with the words of the Fairy God Mother in the evergreen fairy tale Cinderella. Its these words that probably made us aware-for the first time in our lives-of the value of time. We all sympathized with Cinderella when all her splendid gown and other finery turned to rags at the stroke of midnight. Our first acquaintance with the villainous Time! But then, is time such a villain, who should always be painted in black? We have heard the proverb that says there are no wounds that time cannot heal. Here of course we get the image of a wizened old woman who comes hobbling up to us with a pitcher full of balm and gentle fingers that soothe away all our pains and sorrows. But thats enough! This project was not made to sing the praises of time. There is no need of the romance of Cinderella or the soothing finger of an old lady when we are talking about time. And do you know why? Its because we do not have the time for it. We are going to try and understand time in its many faces. No, I was not referring to the faces of watches or clocks. I was referring to the many meanings that time has. Oh yes it does! You thought that time meant the same to everyone. Well think again; or maybe you could try to explain the logic behind the following cases. Picture a farmer who plants a sapling of a tree that would probably take ten to twelve years to reach the stage when it would start to bear fruit, by then the farmer would in likelihood be under the soil himself. Picture a jailbird in bird counting on the bars of his cell waiting for the seconds, minutes, and hours, days, weeks, months and years to go by before he can be free again. Now picture a young couple madly in love with each other cherishing the few minutes they get to spend with each other every day, cursing time because it flies so fast when they are together and never the other way round. So what does time mean to you? When was the last time that you realized the value of time? The answer is probably the last time you watched one of those Bollywood thrillers in which the hero is driving a car in which a time-bomb has been planted and the hero is unaware of this. But we being the getting-to-see-it-all audience watch with bated breath as the tiny needle of the timer ticks towards the point at which the explosion is sure to occur. But just before that, the hero hits the brakes screeches to a halt to avoid hitting that old lady crossing the road. And when he jumps out to help her cross the road the needle reaches the point and the bomb is exploded. And our hero is safe. Its funny how the hero always escapes without a scratch in these movies. But I expect thats why they call them heroes. Now we are really transgressing arent we? So back to our subject that is Time Management. Do you know what is interesting about the concept of Time? It is absolutely uncontrollable. Personally I believe that there is something very humbling about this concept. Just imagine a man with all his power is just like a helpless babe before time. There it is Time stands tall and strong before man and man remains vulnerable and weak before it. Man, the big strong man who tamed rivers and seas, who reached out to the skies and beyond, who harnessed wind and water and dug up the bowels of the earth is but a worm before Time. The best he can do to win the battle against time is die is hair and use some anti-wrinkle cream on his face. In fact, the closest that man has got towards conquering time is those many history books that have been penned; they are of course chronicles of events that happened long ago and that is certainly not much to boast about. And so now we come to our subject that is time management because after all the illustrations given above, I hope that I have made one point clear, that is that Time cannot be controlled, it can only be managed. And that is what we are going to do. We are going to learn the art of time management. I dont want you to have an air of helplessness. You might begin to feel that if the battle cannot be won, then what is point in putting up a struggle? Ah, but there you are missing out on a very important point. In all the illustrations that I used above, I was referring to man in general and not to one particular Tom, Dick or Harry. So you can see that this aspect of time is applicable to every human being and there is no running away from it. Every person has only twenty four hours in a day and no force on earth can alter that. So in order to get the cutting edge what you have to do is to be able to manage your time in the most effective way possible. And that is what Time management is all about. Its about managing your time effectively and if I may I would like to add the word efficiently too. Now, when we talk about our resources, everyone knows that we are referring to the resources like fossil fuels, forests, mineral wealth, and water bodies and so on. But surprisingly time is never included in this list. When we talk about non-renewable resources, fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas top the list. But what about time? A point that most people tend to forget is that time is the most valuable resource that we have, and time once lost, is lost forever. We can think about alternate sources of energy for fossil fuels like electricity, fuel cells, solar energy and the research goes on. But is there any alternative for time that is lost. Again I stress on the point that time once lost, is lost forever. And hence we have the proverb, time and tide waits for no man. HISTORY OF TIME MANAGEMENT The idea of time management has been in existence for more than 100 years. Unfortunately, the term time management creates a false impression of what a person is able to do. Time can neither be managed, nor controlled. We can only manage ourselves and our use of time. History of time management dates back to the 6th century AD with the St. Benedictine Monks who emphasized and encouraged scheduled activities at all times. The concept of time efficiency was introduced by Scottish Economist Adam Smith who developed an assembly line system for factory workers. Benjamin Franklin is considered by many to be the father of modern time management. He mostly emphasized on the effective use of time. Franklin carried around a little black book wherever he went, and within it, he wrote about his thirteen virtues. Each night he would reflect upon the days activities to judge whether he had lived up to these core values. These values were as follows: Temperance Silence Order Resolution Frugality Industry Sincerity Justice Moderation Cleanliness Tranquility Chastity Humility UNDERSTANDING TIME MANAGEMENT We all have time to either spend or waste and it is our decision what to do with it. But once passed, it is gone forever. Bruce Lee (Zen in the Martial Arts by Joe Hyams) Every individual on earth has the same amount of time 60 seconds in a minute; 60 minutes in an hour; 1,440 minutes in a day; and 525,600 minutes in a year. While a vast majority of people confesses faltering to come to grips with it, extremely few can claim to have made the most of it. How is it that they have got it all done? Its because they have managed a way to figure out how to manage their time effectively. Time Management is more than just managing time. It is about controlling the use of the most valuable and undervalued resource. It is managing oneself in relation to time. It is setting priorities and taking charge of the situation and time utilization. It means changing those habits or activities that cause waste of time. It is being willing to adopt habits and methods to make maximum use of time. With good time management skills one is in control of ones time, stress and energy levels. One can maintain balance between ones work and personal life. One finds enough flexibility to respond to surprises or new opportunities. It is not how much time one has, but rather the way one uses it. The bottom line is how well one manages time. Internationally known authority on time management Dr. Alec Mackenzie in his book The Time Trap argues that the very idea of time management is a misnomer because one really cannot manage time in the way other resources can be managed: financial capital, physical capital, human capital, information and time. While each of the first four can be augmented, reduced, transferred or otherwise controlled, Time cannot be manipulated. Dr. Mackenzie contends that when it comes to time, one can only manage oneself in relation to it. One cannot control time as one can control other resources one can only control how one uses it. In the world in which we live, time cannot be replaced or re-created. It is therefore not for us to choose whether we spend or save time but to choose only how we spend it. MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT TIME There are several misconceptions which we all have about time. They affect everyone including those persons who may be considered quite successful and effective. Here are some of the misconceptions identified by Dr. Mackenzie:  · Time management is simple all it requires is common sense. While it is true that the concept is simple, the self-discipline required to practice effective time management is not easy.  · Work is best performed under pressure. Psychological studies show this to be no more than an excuse for procrastination. One does not work well under pressure only does the best one can under the circumstances. Pressure and challenge must not be confused. Laras performance when the West Indies Team is in trouble has more to do with application and determination rather than pressure.  · I use a diary, a to-do list and have a secretary to keep me organized. One has to keep oneself organized no one can do it for others. The trouble with the disorganized person is that he hardly has time to listen to his secretary or look at his diary.  · I do not have the time. The effective worker or manager often gets more work done in the earlier hours of the morning than most laggards get done in the whole day. He then no longer has to work against tight deadlines and under stress which contributes to heart problems and not unusually the ultimate reduction of time on this earth.  · Time management might be good for some kinds of work but my job is creative. Time management is not about routine: it is about self-discipline. Lack of discipline prevents one from being great instead of simply good. Time management takes away the fun and freedom of spontaneity. Is working under stress, forgetting appointments, making constant excuses and apologies to be fun? Would it not be much more fun if by better organization one had one or two more hours every day to spend with the family, to play games, read a good book, plan for tomorrow and the day and week after or just relax? WHY IS TIME MANAGEMENT SO IMPORTANT? Time management is a common problem faced by most of us. Oftentimes, when you are swarmed with multiple tasks at once, it becomes extremely difficult to identify which ones you must complete first. Too often, people eat up what is supposed to be their free time to be able to accomplish all pending tasks in time. It takes a considerate amount of skill in order to manage your time properly. If you are one of these people, you are usually able to control your time efficiently that you can even finish tasks ahead of time. Lets try to analyze the importance of Time Management in different fields. Time Management in School/College: Due to more freedom merited to college students, it can become quite challenging for new (freshman) students to cope with time management. The liberty to choose your own schedule readily creates a false notion that they can do whatever they want. On the other hand, it reflects ones priorities and how you are able to properly appropriate them into your schedule. With lack of proper time management, a student will have trouble coping up with deadlines set by professors. Most students would tend to slack off during vacant hours that they end up accomplishing nothing. If a student has prepared his or her own list of work for the day, he or she will be able to properly allocate the time spent for extracurricular activities and assignments. Time Management at Work: When it comes to your job, proper usage of your time is more particular. This is because you are paid for the hours of service you render to the firm. Hence, companies will try to ensure that each hour you spend at the office is utilized effectively for work. Despite of this, employees still seek out ways to have a break. If time is not properly managed, employees could easily eat up more time for their breaks than what is actually spent on actual work. Hence, the company ends up requiring the employee to do overtime work just to finish a project. If the overtime rendered is reflected on your paycheck, then good for you. But if not, then you reap the unpleasant effects of poor time management. SYMPTOMS OF POOR TIME MANAGEMENT Poor time management shows up by way of one or a combination of typical perceptible symptoms. Managers would do well to look for and reflect on whether they are subject to any of those symptoms with a view to take necessary corrective actions. The following are some of the indicators of poor time management: Constant rushing (e.g. between meetings or tasks) Frequent delays (e.g. in attending meetings, meeting deadlines) Low productivity, energy and motivation (e.g. I cant seem to get worked up about anything) Frustration (e.g. Oh, things just dont move ahead) Impatience (e.g. where the hell is that information Ive asked him for?) Chronic vacillation between alternatives (e.g. whichever option I choose it is going to put me at a big disadvantage. I dont know which way to jump) Difficulty setting and achieving goals (e.g. Im not sure what is expected of me) WHERE DOES ALL THE TIME GO? It is quite surprising when you sit and think about where all the time in one day goes. Twenty four hours is really a lot of time. But on most days it scarcely seems enough. But this is because of certain misconceptions about time. Let us proceed to carefully examine where all that time goes and find out if twenty four hours really is. For that I have listed out certain points which will help you to get a realistic view about how much time you really have in a day. Point 1 We do not really get twenty four hours in a day. Maybe its because we always talk about the twenty four hours in a day, we get the feeling that we really do have twenty four hours to finish our daily business and the fact is that we do not. Assuming that you hit the sack at least by twelve in the night and taking for granted the fact that you need at least seven hours of sleep; let me fix your waking time at seven in the morning. That means that you have already lost seven hours, which we can deduct from twenty four, giving us only seventeen waking hours. Waking hours does not mean the hours you take to wakeup but the hours that you are awake. So let us get that straight, we have only 17 hours in a day. Now if you think that all those seventeen hours can be used for productive work, you are wrong again. For this come to the next point. Point 2 The seventeen waking hours cannot be used completely for productive work. There are many things that a human being should do in order to continue to live like a human being and some of these things do take up a lot of time. Now the following list that I have drawn up is sure to vary from person to person. But I have taken the times for each action on what I felt to e reasonable times as far as any normal human being is concerned. Taking a shower. Most of us take a shower at least once in a day and the time I think we can put down for that is ten minutes. For those of you cleaner ones who shower twice a day put that as twenty minutes. Answering the call of nature Oh yes, we are all very cultured people who have the best of manners and upbringing. We dress ourselves properly and conduct ourselves with the utmost poise. But there are several times in a day when we have to go back to nature and summing up all those things we do in the bath room I think a good half hour should be enough. Getting ready and tidying ourselves When we move about in society definitely we have to look our best and adding up all the minutes that we spend in front of that mirror, we get another ten minutes. For some people of course, this figure comes up to half an hour. But I think ten minutes is good enough. Eating We need to eat to live and though I accept the fact that people have different eating habits and times, I think that and Im sure doctors will agree with me that a person needs three meals a day and should take at least ten minutes to ingest a meal and not just gobble it down. So that makes it 30 minutes for food. Time to relax Please do not raise an argument now. I promise to deal with this bit later on. But right now I would like to put down one hour as the time to relax, and this includes the time that you get to yourself for prayer or meditation or just to stare out of your window or perhaps the few extra minutes that you spend in your bed after waking up, waiting for the last traces of sleep to go away. Time with family and friends Please we are human beings, arent we? And we certainly cannot get along with our business of life without chatting a few minutes every now and then with our friends and the family too. So with your permission, I would like to deduct another hour from your waking time. So now what do we have left? We started off with 17 hours of waking time. And we proceed to add up all the time that we accounted for in the above mentioned points; let us see how much time we have left for productive work provided we still want to exist as human beings. The activities mentioned above would take when put together a good three hours and twenty minutes. That is 3 hours and 20 minutes. I put it down in both numerals and words so that you can get a real taste of the figure. Now if we proceed to subtract this figure from our 17 hours of waking time, what do we get? We are left with just thirteen hours forty minutes. In figures that is 13 hours 40 minutes. And that is a fact. That is all that we get. So from now on dont you think that it would be more realistic to say that we have just thirteen hours and forty minutes to accomplish a days work and not twenty-four hours. For if we continue to believe that we have twenty four hours, and then we are in effect deceiving ourselves. But wait there is more to this story than meets the eye. These crucial hours that we have painstakingly added up are not really put to constructive use. There are certain things called time waster which you have to look out for and that is what we are going to deal w ithin our next chapter. Time Killers Till now, we have been harping about how valuable time is and how time lost is time lost forever and so on. But now we come to a strange concept and that is Time Killers. The very word sound like sacrilege doesnt it? How can one talk about killing such a valuable resource. But thats the way the story goes. Thee are a lot of time killers in this world and what you have to do is that you have to identify these time killers, look out for them and stay wary of tem. Only then can you put your available time to the maximum possible use. The time killers that I have listed below are more or less general. They are things that most of us encounter. But apart from these, each one of us may have unique time killers that are particular to our style of living and way of work. Be smart and identify these killers. When I talk about killers, do not get the impression of masked men lurking in shadows brandishing guns and knives. The killers that I am referring to are quite ordinary every day things that we see and use in our lives but often do not realize how much of our time they take away. Seven terrible Time Killers Telephone calls Chatter boxes Traffic jams Finding parking spaces Meetings Bad machinery Long queues The list could of course go on. But before we keep adding to the list, I would like to elaborate on certain of the items listed above. How to handle Time Killers †¢ The funny thing about telephone calls is that these instruments are indeed great time savers. In fact the amount of time that people get to save thanks to telephones is stupendous. The problem arises when telephones are not used properly. Most people do not understand and even if they do they forget that telephones are not to be used for lengthy conversations. For one thing, another person may be trying to reach you and there is nothing as exasperating as trying to reach a person over the telephone and being confronted with a busy tone. So the first thing about a telephone conversation is that it should be brief. Another thing about telephones is that most people do not know how to use a telephone properly. In stead of immediately identifying themselves and asking directly for the person they want, some people go on playing a lot of who is speaking games once they make a call or answer the telephone. Now coming to mobile phones there is a lot to be said and done. What should be done is turn off your cell phone when you are having a conversation or a discussion with more than one person. As soon as you get a call, you may ask the people you were talking to excuse yourself but you leave them waiting while you chuckle and giggle over your phone. Often we tend to give ore importance to the caller than to the person we were having the discussion with. Again the same rule applies here. Be brief. A mobile phone is to be used to get an important message across to a person who you were not able to reach on the land line. * The next point is about those chatter boxes. Havent we all met them? They simply love the sound of their own voices and once they open their mouths, there is no stopping them. They waste not only your time but their time as well. Steer clear of such people. Believe me, it is much easier to avoid such people than to tell them to shut up and if you get a telephone call from such a person, use a caller ID facility or ask your secretary to divert the call.  · Traffic jams and finding parking spaces. Any one who has lived in the city for at least a day will know what I am talking about. There is no getting past a traffic jam at the rush hour. And will someone tell me whit is called the rush hour when that is the time when the traffic is the slowest. The only thing you can do is anticipate the traffic jam and leave your home a half hour or one hour early. But that does not really keep the time killer at bay. It just helps you to avoid being late. In this respect you have two options. Either you could find something constructive to do while you wait for the traffic to move along or the traffic light to change or a better option would be to take subway and walk the rest of the way. You can get a long a lot faster on your feet and it is a lot better for your health as well. By doing so, you can also get rid of the headache of finding a parking space.  · Not surprisingly lengthy meetings and discussions can prove to be awful time killers particularly if the meeting does not have a clear agenda and if there are people who love top talk among the group. It has been found that most middle and senior level mangers spend nearly 70% of their work time talking. And in most organizations, parleying has been made into a fine art. * Bad machinery is a time waster. How many of us have wanted to sit and scream and bang the daylights out of a pc that does not give us the required data or information. A computer that takes a long time to start up, a photocopier that gives shamefully faint photocopies, even a leaky faucet or a stubborn drawer or door knob can waste a lot of time and send us up the wall. If you have such equipment or machinery, get it changed at the earliest possible date. It is worth the amount of time and energy that you waste on it every day. * Long queues certainly waste a lot of time. That does not mean that you have to jump the queue. If you can get the job done over the telephone or can reserve your ticket in advance, do it, even if it means a few extra dollars, it is worth the time you may have to spend waiting. Apart from these each person may have particular time wasters, like for instance, a car that refuses to start in the morning, difficult hair that insists on looking like Medusas head on a bad snake day, an elevator that takes forever to reach your floor. Use your common sense and try to find alternate methods or even better, if you cannot find an alternate method, you could put the time to some use like read your morning paper in the elevator. You will get a better idea of how to get over time killers once we handle the section called the time savers. Lining Up Your Ducks: Prioritize! Lining up your ducks is a familiar and charming phrase. It derives from the tendency of baby ducklings to swim in a perfectly straight line behind their mother. If the ducklings begin to stray too far, the mother duck will invariably shepherd them back into line—thus, getting her ducks in a row. The application of this phrase to time management is clear. If you deal with things in a logical, orderly sequence, youre sure to bring efficiency and results to your efforts. When your ducks begin to stray too far afield, danger is lurking—for them and for you. Lets face it. 24 hours in a day is not enough time for many people to do everything in their schedule. It is therefore imperative that people perform their activities in the order of priority. Time management experts like Stephen Covey S R (The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People; Simon Schuster) have developed a model called a time management matrix. This model enables managers to prioritize their activities and use their time more effectively. With the help of the model, they can evaluate their activities in terms of importance and urgency. The art of prioritizing covers 4 major task groups: Important and Urgent Not Important but Urgent Not Urgent but Important Not Important and Not Urgent TIME MANAGEMENT MATRIX Important and Urgent Quadrant 1 represents things which are both urgent and important labeled firefighting. The activities need to be dealt with immediately, and they are important. These tasks are the ones that must be done right away, or consequences may result. An example would be bills that are due today. If you dont pay your bills on time, you would incur additional charges or they might cut off their services to you. Activities belonging to this category need to be acted upon without delay. You should give them the highest priority. Important but Not Urgent Quadrant 2 represents things which are important, but not urgent labelled Quality Time. Although the activities here are important, and contribute to achieving the goals and priorities they do not have to be done right now. As a result, they can be scheduled when they can be given quality thought to them. A good example would be the preparation of an important talk, or mentoring a key individual. Prayer time, family time and personal relaxation/recreation are also part of Quadrant 2. Urgent but Not Important Quadrant 3 represents distractions. They must be dealt with right now, but frankly, are not important. For example, when a person answers an unwanted phone call, he/she has had to interrupt whatever he/she is doing to answer it. Not Important and Not Urgent Quadrant 4 represents Time Wasting. You might think activities in this section are not worth peoples time, so they wont engage in these activities much. You would be surprised to know that people spend most of their time doing things that are both unimportant and non-urgent, such as watching TV and movies, playing video games, senseless chatting for hours on the phone, shopping for new clothes, etc. Of course, it is essential for people to relax and unwind once in a while. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy, as they say. But you should be strict in limiting your time for these activities; that is, if you really want to accomplish a lot in your life. Treat activities belonging to this section with the lowest priority. If you really want to succeed, strictly limit your time in doing these activities or dont do them at all. Focus on those that will bring you fruitful results. Numbered Priority Tactic Heres one of the most powerful techniques that you can use to manage your time efficiently the Numbered Priority Tactic. Buy a very small notebook that you can put in your pocket. You should be able to bring it anywhere you go. At the front page of the notebook, put the title: Important and Urgent. At the back page, put the title: Important but Not Urgent. If an idea or event you encounter is Urgent but Not Important, then forget it. You want to utilize your time well, wont you? If you think its significant in some way, then you may put it under Important and Urgent. Ignore Not Important and Not Urgent tasks. Every time something comes up during your daily work or on your mind, put it in the appropriate page of your little notebook. So lets say your boss told you to submit a report due tomorrow. Write it down on your notebook under Important and Urgent. Then your friend told you that theres a big 2-day sale at the downtown furniture store. You may put it under Important and Urgent if you simply must have that furniture youre drooling for months. But if you think your house would do fine without it, then dont write it anymore. As youre walking down the street you suddenly thought of a great new idea for your part-time business. You may put it under Important but Not Urgent. As the day goes on, write down each and every idea, thought, or event that comes to your mind. As the list increases in each category, examine each of them carefully and start numbering each item in the order of priority with 1 being the highest priority. Start working on Number 1, and never go to Number 2 until youre done with Number 1 for each category. If distractions come about, you may take care of them first but always come back to your numbered list when youre done. Because priorities may change, you may switch or change the numbers of the items in the list. You may also transfer one item from Important and Urgent to Important but Not Urgent, and vice-versa. When you do any changes, make sure your notebook stays clean. Transfer your writings to a new page when you see that its getting untidy. Start off with a new page every day. This method can enable you to achieve more in one week than what most people can accomplish in a month. The important thing you must do is to buy that little notebook and to start doing this super tactic right now! Time is running fast. < Development of Rat Cranial Blood Vessels: Ethanol Development of Rat Cranial Blood Vessels: Ethanol Gadgieva Aminat Usmanovna Morphological changes of cranial venae cavae of rats in the early postnatal ontogenesis under the influence of ethanol Abstract Background: Morphology of major arterial and venous lines at different ages, and especially their changes under the experimental exposure gives a deeper understanding of problems in the structure of blood vessels in normal and pathological conditions. Aim: To study the changes of intrapericardial cranial venae cavae of rats in postnatal development under the influence of ethanol. Methods and materials: Investigated intrapericardial part of the right (RCVC) and left (LCVC) cranial venae cavae in 120 rats 6, 11, 16, and 22 to 30 days of ages. 60 of them received ethanol with mothers milk. For this females were daily intragastrically administered 40  ° ethanol in a dose of 8 ml / kg during the lactation period (22 days). The control group consisted of 60 rats of the same age, females mothers who daily intragastrically received distilled water in the same dose. Results: It is established that under the influence of ethanol decreases the thickness of the wall of the cranial vena cava. Thickening of the collagen and elastic fibers, reticular fibers and destruction of myocytes observed. Conclusion: To study the changes of intrapericardial cranial venae cavae of rats in postnatal development under the influence of ethanol. Keywords: postnatal ontogenesis; cranial venae cavae, ethanol. Introduction Morphology of major arterial and venous lines at different ages, and especially their changes under the experimental exposure gives a deeper understanding of problems in the structure of blood vessels in normal and pathological conditions. Distortion of the structure of veins often leads to chronic venous insufficiency, varicose disease and thrombosis [1]. Effect of ethanol is primarily manifested in violation structures of the blood vessels and the heart [2, 3]. Ethanol has the ability to penetrate into the mammary gland and flow in milk [4]. In the available literature, we found no data on the effect of alcohol on the state and development of the vena cava in postnatal ontogenesis. The purpose of the study. To study the changes of intrapericardial cranial venae cavae of rats in postnatal development under the influence of ethanol. Materials and methods. Investigated intrapericardial part of the right (RCVC) and left (LCVC) cranial venae cavae in 120 rats 6, 11, 16, and 22 to 30 days of ages. 60 of them received ethanol with mothers milk. For this females were daily intragastrically administered 40  ° ethanol in a dose of 8 ml / kg during the lactation period (22 days). The control group consisted of 60 rats of the same age, females mothers who daily intragastrically received distilled water in the same dose. The animals were kept under standard vivarium conditions at t 21-22  ° C and a natural photoperiod, on a normal diet. Slaughtering rats was conducted in accordance with the Rules of work with experimental animals, adopted by the Committee on Bioethics of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Slaughtering rats was performed under ether anesthesia. After opening the thoracic and abdominal cavities material was fixed in 12% neutral formalin. Then vena cava was isolated and carried on the battery alcohols increasing concentrations, embedded in paraffin. Prepared histological specimens longitudinal and transverse sections of intrapericardial (orifice and non-orifice part the area between the mouth and the attachment of the pericardium to the wall of the vein) part of the RCVC and LCVC. Applied paint sections with hematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson, Weigert methods, and impregnation method Foote under the modification N.A. Yurin. Using ocular line with magnification ob.90, ok.7.measured the thickness of the wall of the cranial venae cavae in the orifice and out parts. Mathematical processing of data was performed using the application Microsoft Excel 2010 in the section descriptive statistics. The data obtained were processed statistically by standard methods for sampling with the definition of the mean (M), error of the arithmetic mean (m), quadratic deviation (ÏÆ'), Students t test (t). Differences were considered significant at p≠¤ 0.05. Results In 6-day-old rats treated with ethanol through mothers milk from the first day of birth, in the wall of the orifice of RCVC and LCVC subendothelial layer contains dense bundles of elastic fibers compared with the control. In the outer layer, elastic fibers in experimental rats are presented in separate fragments, or missing. In control rats the elastic fibers in the outer layer of the same area are absent. In non-orifice part of the RCVC and LCVC elastic fibers, located in the subendothelial layer, also have a greater density than the control. Reticular fibers form large incomplete loops. At 11 days of age are most exposed to the effects of ethanol endothelial layer of the orifice part of the RCVC and LCVC. Endothelial cells contain pyknotic nuclei, which are located far from each other. At this age, the collagen and elastic fibers have a higher density than the control. Reticular fibers in experimental animals are placed chaotically in some places where they are totally absent. At 11 days of age, the walls of RCVC and LCVC non-orifice area in rats, received ethanol with milk, elastic fibers also thicker than in the controls. Given area in experimental rats in the wall of both cranial veins found zones devoid of reticular fibers. On day 16 of the experiment in comparison with the control, in the orifice part of RCVC and LCVC elastic and reticular fibers have different thickness and density of the location. In some places, elastic and reticular fibers are thick, in others not. Collagen fibers are notably thickened and form dense tufts. In the mid layer non orifice part of the RCVC and LCVC, nuclei in myocytesare less than in controls. Collagen fibers of the RCVC under the influence of ethanol become much thicker than in controls. There is no significant change in the collagen fibers of LCVC at given age. Reticular fibers of the middle layer in many places are absent, and in those places where they are, have the form of non-closed loop. In 22-day-old rats exposed to ethanol, in the middle layer orifice part of the vein increase the area of non-nuclear sites in comparison with the 16-day-animals of given group. Elastic fibers become loose in some parts of the veins, in the other, on the contrary form dense tufts. In experimental rats, endothelial cells nuclei of the non-orifice part of the cranial venae cavae have elongated shapes, in some places desquamation of cells is observed. In th e middle layer, the area of non-nuclear sites increases. Elastic fibers in the subendothelial layer are thinner than in the control group. In the middle and outer layers, the elastic fibers are arranged as separate fragments. Reticular fibers of the RCVC and LCVC do not form loops and are scattered. By 30-th day of the experiment the orifice part of the RCVC and LCVC is mainly covered by connective tissue. The outer layer is thicker than in the controls. Collagen fibers are densely forming the thick bundles, they occupy a large area of wall thickness. Elastic fibers between the subendothelial layer, and muscular tunic and at the boundary of the outer and middle layers loosened. On the 30th day in the non-orifice part, collagen fibers are thicker than in the orifice part, especially in RCVC. In carrying out morphometric studies revealed that the wall thickness of both paired cranial venae cavae in the orifice part is smaller than in controls. Differences were significant in RCVC and LCVC 11, 16, 22 and 30 days after birth (Table 1). Increase in wall thickness of the orifice part RCVC and LCVC in 11-day-old rats compared with 6-day amounted to 10% and 8.3%. By 16 days of age, the thickness of the orifice RCVC and LCVC compared with the previous period increased by 24.9% and 16.1%. Increase in wall thickness of the RCVC and LCVC in the orifice part in 22 days rats decreased to 11.3% and 10% by day 30 it occurs differently in RCVC (17.8%) and LCVC (3.2%). Table 1 Wall thickness of the orifice part of RCVC and LCVC in experiment and control (micron), n = 50 * à Ã‚   In non-orifice area of 11-day-old rats in the experimental group, increase wall thickness of RCVC and LCVC as compared with 6 -day-old rats is slight 7.2% and 5.1%. Wall thickness of 16-day-old experimental rats increased as compared with 11-day in RCVC to 21.6%, in LCVC to 17.1%.In 22-day-old rats increase of the wall thickness of RCVC is above and is 31.1%, whereas LCVC is 2.1%.The most substantial growth in thickness of the RCVC observed on day 30 of the experiment (56,3%), while of the LCVC, it was 19.3%. Consequently, the greatest increase in the thickness of the orifice part of RCVC and LCVC in experimental rats observed at 16 days of age. In non-orifice area under the influence of ethanol, a strong increase in wall thickness of the RCVC begins 16 days after birth, but it becomes a maximum on day 30, after the cessation of ethanol poisoning females. In LCVC growth occurs in waves, minimum on 11-and 22-days and increased on 16 and 30-days. The wall thickness of both pair cranial venae cavae in non-orifice part in experimental rats on 6, 11, 16 and 22 days is less, and on day 30, it becomes larger than in control. Certain differences in RCVC and LCVC on 11, 16, 22 and day 30(Table 2). Table 2 Wall thickness of the RCVC and LCVC in non-orifice area in experiment and control (micron), n = 50 * à Ã‚   The study showed that in the context of alcohol intoxication, observed a breach of postnatal histogenesis of the intrapericardiac part of cranial venae cavae. Entering of ethanol for 6 days causes thickening of elastic fibers and decreasing reticular fibers in the non-orifice area. Prolonged alcohol intoxication leads to further destruction of reticular fibers and myocytes, degenerative changes of endothelial cells are occurred. Deformation of the vascular wall integrity, including tunica adventitia, found in alcoholic human disease in brain vessels. In the intima, also observed endothelial desquamation, loosening of muscular layer and adventitia [5]. 22 days after birth in experimental rats to marked changes in the wall of the cranial venae cavae joins thickening of collagen fibers. After the cessation of receipt of ethanol through mothers milk (from 22 to 30 days) elastic and reticular fibers do not restore their structures, their loosening or formation of thick beams happens. There is a substantial thickening of the collagen fibers, which is a manifestation of multiple sclerosis of the vein wall. Destruction of elastic and reticular fibers of the vessels and the soft core of the spleen, the reduction of cell elements (smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and fibrocytes) and connective tissue stromacollagenization reflect the aging process [6]. Wall thickness of the RCVC and LCVC in intrapericardial part throughout the experiment was significantly less, except RCVC on the 30th day in non-orifice area. In rats with alcohol intoxication disturbed growth rate of RCVC and LCVC. Previously we have determined that the wall thickness of RCVC a day after birth is 16,3  ± 0,44 micrometers and LCVC is 17,8  ± 0,42 micrometers. Substantial growth of wall thickness in the orifice part of RCVC occurs on 16-30 days, and LCVC already on 6 and 11 days after birth, in non-orifice area of RCVC from 16 to 30 days, LCVC from 11 to 30 days. In the first 6 days under the influence of ethanol there is no increase in the thickness of the orifice part of RCVC and LCVC in 6-day-old rats in the experimental group compared with 1-day-old control group [7]. At a later date , increase the thickness of the orifice part of RCVC observed only on day 16,then the growth rate goes down, and in LCVC it occurs later than in the control, and also on 16th day. Increase in thickness of the non-orifice area of RCVC under the influence of ethanol does not significantly differ from control, while LCVC significantly less in all periods of the study. Morphometric parameters of vessels reflect their functional features. Pronounced morphometric changes indicative of impaired hemodynamic, had a vein of the liver lobules in 3 days after shin injury [8]. Thus, the effect of ethanol at the early stages of postnatal ontogenesis leads to pathological changes, which are expressed in endothelial desquamation, destruction of reticular, elastic fibers, myocytes and collagenization of connective tissue stroma. These changes occur with violation of histogenesis of the cranial vena cava wall that appears in the orifice and non-orifice areas of the intrapericardiac part. From both cranial venae cavae, the largest histogenesisviolation occurs in the LCVC. References Shvalb P.G. , Ukhov Y.I., Tsaregorodcev A.A. Nature of the changes of the venous wall, depending on the cause of recurrent varicose veins. // Flebologiya. 2009. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾-4. p. 26-31. Porsukov E.A. On the morphological diagnosis of alcoholic heart lesion // Forensic Medicine. 2009. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾-6. P.21-24. Steinweg D.L., Worth H. Alcoholism: the keys to the CAGE // Medicine.-1993.-Vol.94.-No.5.-P.520-523. Berejnoy R.V.,Smusin Y.S.,Tomilin V.V., ShirinskyP.P. Guidelines for forensic medicine poisoning. Moscow, M.1980, p.227. Krachun G.P., Pishenko E.E., Razygraeva N.L., Petrovina I.A., Kushnir P.X.Functional Histomorphology of intertissue changes in the wall of brain vessels, with alcoholism. // Xist, Chernov, issue 15. 2013, p.270. Alphonsova E.B., Functional morphology of connective tissue stroma of the spleen in the age aspect. // Achievements in Gerontology. Ed. Aesculapius (St. Petersburg). 2012-T 25, à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾-3.- S. 415-421. Hadjiyeva A.U., Blinova S.A., Development of intrapericardial part of the cranial vena cava of rats in postnatal ontogenesis //Morphology.-2014, V.8, à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾-1. P.26-29. Ocheretina R.Y., Mkrtchan O.Z., Strogov M.B., Morphometric parameters of vessels of the liver lobules in mice during the recovery period after shin injury.

Enrolment System of Psu – Lingayen

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1. Background of the Study Computers are almost indispensable to most industries especially if it deals with voluminous records. Hence, in most academic institutions, the use of computers is an immense help in managing records and files. With the volume of files such as those from students’ records, finances, inventories, and others needed for its operation , the use of computer has made tasks simpler, faster and more efficient. Although most schools here in the Philippines have their computers, its functions are not fully maximized. Many still rely on the manual system of storing and retrieving files, thus in turn, make work laborious, time consuming, less efficient and requiring more manpower. The Pangasinan State University- Lingayen Campus currently uses the manual system of enrollment. For years, this system has been employed and has indeed been a tedious process on the part of the students as well as the staff in charged of enrollment. This entails the long process of filling up forms in three copies (student copy, accounts copy and registrar’s copy), class scheduling, assessment of fees, and issuance of student records. The continued adoption of this usual manual enrollment system has caused numerous errors, unnecessary delays, and has ultimately made the entire enrollment system a slow process to contend considering the influx of students each year. The design, development and implementation of EnrollmentAutomate: Pangasinan State University Computerized Enrollment System is introduced to address this long-standing slow process of enrollment. 2. Objectives of the Study This project study aims to design, develop and implement EnrollmentAutomate: Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus Computerized Enrollment System. Specifically, the following statements will determine and describe: 1) the processes involved in the present system; 2) the situation regarded as unwelcome and needing to be dealt with and overcome; 3) a computerized solution to improve the current situation, taking into the account the task, purpose or specific activities as claimed by (a) registrar; (b) department heads; (c) campus executive officer. 3. Scopes and Delimitation The EnrollmentAutomate will be used by the Departments heads or the officer – in – charge for registration or assessing students during the enrollment period. It includes the enrolling of students, browsing of offered subjects, viewing the schedule and printing of the registration form where enrollment fees are included. In addition, some features which allows student to scan registration form, students enrolled, offered subject, schedule viewer, printing queue are included. 4. Significance of the Study The EnrollmentAutomate will give the Pangasinan State University-Lingayen Campus a better and well-organized flow of enrollment system. It will also make the work of the personnel in charge easy, fast, reliable cost and time efficient. Personnel. An increase productivity and minimized workload to be able to meet the other needs of the students. Students. An assurance for fast and accurate services provided by the university. 5. Definition of Terms Automate. It refers to the process of using technology to execute a task with less human action. Campus Executive Officer or Department Head. This is the person responsible for the admission of new enrollees, transferees, shifters and second – course enrollees. Enrollment. This refers to an act of recording the person’s information to the official record of Pangasinan State University. EnrollmentAutomate. It refers to the proposed computerized enrollment system for Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus. Information. This refers to the collection of related data. Technology. It refers to the tools, machines, and instrument that can help people execute their task efficiently and effectively. CHAPTER II REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE A. Related literature Nowadays the computer is one of the most efficient IT machines being used in every schools, offices, factories, and even households that society need to make work easier and faster. In a manual system, records are filed with the aid of folders and envelopes and are stored in cabinets; whereas computer-base system deals with databases and database technology. Database is helpful in providing resources and ideas as an accurate basis of information regarding a problem. In school, it plays a vital role in student registration, class scheduling, and assessment of fees. Student registration is the first laborious task in the enrollment system. Using database will lessen the time of work for students and hasten the work of personnel-in-charge. Class Scheduling is a difficult task for the personnel, however, with the use of database time consumed to organize scheduling is minimized. Important functions of the database system include the ability to locate and access any item in the database, to sort the data records into a desired order, and to link database files. The database approach is designed to overcome many of the disadvantages of file processing system. Databases are designed from an organization-wide viewpoint to minimize data redundancy. Databases are managed by a commercial system called the Database Management System (DBMS) MySQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard data definition and manipulation language for relational databases. A popular command driven interface that allows users to access data from a database by using designated keywords and attribute names. B. Related Studies There are number of previous studies which are related to the study being conducted and one of them was designed for Pangasinan National High School (PNHS) an automated Student Enrollment System developed by July P. Dela Cruz et. al which provides efficient and maintainable system for enrollment. The PSU-Open University System’s Registration and Assessment System (PSU-OUS RAS), which was designed in Visual Basic 6. 0, was used to retrieve and update the information and reports regarding registration and assessment. The system was developed by Johnabel Calixtro et. al on March 2006. The San Fabian National High School Information System developed by Jennilyn C. de Luna et. al on March 2006 and was designed using Visual Basic Programming Language. The system aimed to help the school clerk in storing student and personnel records to lessen the difficulties in searching, viewing, processing of records and regenerating reports. The Polong National High School and Faculty Information System by Canave, Deo et. al was designed to automate and eliminate the manual way of filing records as well as preparing and generating accurate reports and information of the faculty of the said school in the fastest possible way. C. Theoretical Framework Implementation of computerized enrollment system will speed up the enrollment process. To provide quick access from needed data, and to process efficiently once located, databases have been derived for computer use. Database is a collection of data or information in a form that may be accessed by a computer in several ways. It may be loaded into a mainframe computer for network access within an individual or an organization, such as system in admission, enrollment, grading and cashier. Designing a database considers several important phase to pass through data definition, data refinement, and establishing relationship. The first phase is identifying the important attributes. It also involves detailed examination in order to determine exactly what kind of information will be stored in the database. Next is to refine the initial list to form an accurate description that will be needed in the database. The last phase is to draw a relationship between the fields that can help to determine which fields are important from the not so important. Manipulating a database includes such function as querying the database to retrieve specific data, updating the database to reflect changes in the mini world, and generating reports from the data. As stated by Philipp J. Pratt in his book â€Å"Database Management & Design,† A user at a terminal interacts with the environment through the use of logical transactions. A logical transaction, or simply, a transaction, is a user request to accomplish a single task. The application program processes the transaction by interacting with the DBMS on a logical record basis. CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY To come up with a better understanding and perception about the problems regarding the creation of the system, the proponent underwent some methods to gather important facts and details about the proposed enrollment system. First, the proponents conducted extensive interviews on the personnel-in-charge with the manual enrollment system. Thus, the proponents found out some problems encountered by the manual system. In addition, they also obtained some suggestions and supplement which may help them in processing enrollment and upgrading the system. The proponents also requested sample of enrollment form. A copy of the manual system that was once used by the administrator was also inquired into in order for them to better understand the processes involved in creating for an automated enrollment system. Lastly, as additional foundation to knowledge and resources, the proponents made some researches in the Internet and interviewed the registrar and students to gain some guidelines in creating the proposed system. The proponents researched about some helpful topics and codes which may help them in designing the system as well. Some related literatures regarding the study were also looked into and adopted some of these in creating the new system. A. Current System The existing processes are shown on figure A. 1. It illustrated the transactions being made by the student during the enrollment. It may note in existing enrollment system that the student must follow several steps to get enrolled. A student must determine the student type whether he/she is an old or new, then proceed filling up registration form. After filling up he/she selects subjects and schedule to enroll. After which, the enrollee go to faculty-in-charge for course check and assessment then proceeds to cashier. Permit Complete Permit Passed all Requirements Student InformationSubject Selected Pay Fees Fig. A. 1 Current System B. Context Data Flow Diagram The objective is to create a data flow model of the proposed system. The context diagram illustrates that it consists of several steps which provide the inputs into a system and receive outputs from the system. After the student must undergo with Admission System the enrollee must proceeds to enrollment process, first must passed all requirements like CET and interview. Then fill up pre enrollment form after that select subject, secondly go to personnel in charge for course check then the personnel-in-charge will encode to computer for assessment and verification. After getting the form proceeds to cashiering system. B. 1 Context Data Flow Diagram Bibliography Books Pratt, Philipp J. , A Guide to SQL (fifth edition). Ground Valley State University Unpublished Thesis Julio M. Cervantes, Implementation of a Computerized Enrollment System, Unpublished Masteral Thesis. Hannam University, Daejon, South Korea,February 2005 Vincent John P. Fernandez, et al, Pangasinan State University OUS Registration & Assessment System. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. PSU-CAST, Lingayen, Pangasinan,March 2006 Jennilyn C. de Luna et al, San Fabian National High School Information System. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. PSU-CAST, Lingayen, Pangasinan,March 2006 Deo Canave et. l, The Polong National High School and Faculty Information System. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. PSU-CAST, Lingayen, Pangasinan. March 2005 ———————– Cleared Permit Student New Student Fill up Registration Form Checked Registration Form Course Check Subject Select Assessment Cashier Student Applicant EnrollmentAutomate Old Student New Student CET passers slip Passed Interview bsb Fill up Pre-enrollment form Clearance Permit Fill up Pre-enrollment form Files Assessment Select subject by Department Select subject by Department Course Check Course Check

Manifestations of vandalism Essay

Some say that the youths of today are irresponsible. This view merits consideration because it is debatable. Nowadays, vandalism become a trend around the teenagers. According in the Oxford Dictionary vandalism means a destruction by vandals. This vandalism has become a culture for the teenagers. This issue is making a country so ashamed towards the others country. There are many factors, effect and resolution for this issue. We must take a action to reduce this vandalism among the teenagers. Teenagers are the product of a community system. Dysfunctional society will eventually produce a flawed product. Attitude of some people now who cared more about materialistic and indifferent to social issues certainly complicate the existing problem. According to many studies vandalism occurred in the city. Youth scribbling and damaging public property rather than not educated but the generation born in the city is difficult to control. In urban areas some people do not care for what is happening around them. By the youth feel that they are free to pursue this regardless of the negative symptoms of a sense of responsibility towards public property. Vandalism activities also have adverse effects on society. Activity causing vandalism of public property such as public telephones and so destroyed. It will be difficult for the community if they had to use public facilities for emergency purposes. Vandalism is often underestimated by the local community. They just sit back while the vandalism happened in front of their eyes. Finally people also suffer from the heinous activities. Community is difficult to make contact during emergency situations. Example public phones damaged during house is on fire. In addition, the community is not comfortable while using other public property. Example wet while waiting for the bus because the bus stop damaged roof could not stop because of the rain. Graffiti on the walls of public toilets worsen and encourage the younger generation to emulate these unhealthy symptoms. In addition, vandalism activities also affect the country. Vandalism activities cause and affect the country’s image tarnished Malaysia’s economic position. This is due to the lack of the arrival of tourists from outside to Malaysia because of the bad environment and attitudes of the  people who do not care. In effect, the country’s tourism industry will decline. Industries in tourism is among the contributors to the country’s economic position. Decline in tourism caused by losses due to unemployed people had to repair and improve infrastructure and public facilities have been destroyed. Read more:  Causes of Vandalism Essay Many vandalism phenomena that can affect the eye can see and this certainly affects the image of the country. Total losses due to this vandalism is enormous. Allocation of funds used for refurbishing and repairing damaged facilities is better if used for other projects that are more beneficial. This course will benefit the nation as a whole. There are many factors of being this vandalism among the teenagers. The first factors is peer influence. Peer influence can lead to vandalism. Teenagers usually easier to copy and influence by their peers. Peer influence will shape the attitudes, values and behaviours among the youth, especially youth who have dropped out and family problem. Usually, teenagers who commit vandalism is a teenager in the group, they do not have a purpose and when gathered arise include scribbling ideas and damaging public property. Peer influence also make the teenagers become incautious about their studies and not focus about their education. Moreover, parenting and family also one of the factors of being the vandalism among the teenagers. Parents are the impetus for the nature of vandalism among teenagers. For example, when driving parents littering or skin of fruits such as rambutan and oranges while ignoring the speed limit signs. Some teenagers who get caught in symptom vandalism comes from troubled families or families that practice negative life. According to a study carried out revenge vandalism by teenagers who want to be free and a troubled family background. Besides lack of proper control and guidance of parents also among the main factor influence youth stuck in negative symptoms. Therefore, the measures to overcome the problem of vandalism among teenagers should be implemented immediately.First of all, parents should carry out an important role in cleaning up the vandalism. They need to monitor the activities of their children so as not slipping into the negative. Not only that, but mixing children should also be monitored in order to not make a mistake in choosing a partner. Moreover, parents should inculcate in themselves divinity children since childhood. This is so because of religious knowledge can become a major fortification in preventing young people from influenced by negative elements like  vanadalisme activities. If parents fulfill their roles properly, definitely vandalism can be easily overcome. Furthermore, role of society and the school should have to help this issue to reduce the vandalism among the teenagers. Every member of society should be concerned about and pay attention to their children not to do this wrong, and people should be aware of what is happening around them. Community needs to be proactive against vandalism symptoms that occur in their area. In addition members of the community can play a vital role to provide an understanding of how bad moral vandalism. The school should provide advice and guidance to students about the importance of public property. Younger generation should be explained in detail about their responsibility for public property. Explain to students what their feelings if their school bags defaced or torn by irresponsible people such awareness will partly reflect the importance of attitude and responsibility. Therefore, all parties, particularly the parents, the community, the government and schools should work together and carry out their obligations in order to reduce the symptoms of this increasingly serious. If the intention is successfully implemented, it is possible our country can stand, sit low in developed countries. Hopefully, with this solution, we are able to realize the Vision 2020 and is famous the world over.

Application of Robotic Technology.

Application of Robotic Technology. Application of Robotic TechnologyRobotic technology is used in many operations and its demand is very high. In 1999, the growth rate of robotic industry was 20% worldwide and in America, it was 60% compared to 1998. In the last 20 years robotic industry has become multi billionaire industry and its growth rate is very high due to its many applications in manufacturing and automotive industry (Jan Karlsson, 2001. p119, 124.). Robots perform many industrial operations and they are used to increase production, improve quality, and reduce labor. Although the function of robots are very complicated and need good skills, they are used in many in industrial operations to perform different operation in the following ways: welding, painting, presswork, and heat treatment. To understand the robotic technology we have to know about the robots its functions and different applications of robots. Finally, we need to learn about how much robots are economical in different industrial operations and their future developments in different fields.English: A scene from R.U.R., showing three robots...The word robots derived from robota means forced labor. According to the definition of the robot institute of America, " a robot is a reprogramable multifunctional manipulated design to move materials parts tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motion for the performance of variety of tasks" (James A. Rehg, 1985 p7). The basic system of robots consists of a pneumatic or hydraulic operated mechanical arm working as a human arm and is controlled by computer. At the end of the arm a tool is mounted which is doing all the operations. An Electric servomotor, pneumatic or hydraulic aculator, drives the robotic arm and provides with linear or rotational motion (James. p8, 9). The combination of linear and rotational motion describes the geometry of the robotic arm. The arm geometry tells the form of the space in...

Jeannette Kams1 Narrative Essay

Jeannette Kams1 Narrative Essay Jeannette Kams1 Narrative Essay Jeannette Kamsi 2/21/15 English 1301 Narrative Essay: my topic is on bullying Bullying is the use of force or threat use to abuse, intimidate and dominate over others. Although bullying can be dispute-related or predatory, bullying has a range from physical, mental, verbal, and emotional to technological on the internet. Bullying affects our children daily life: academically, morally and physically. In our daily life, bullying most likely occurs in schools, social places and on the streets where teenagers go out of their way to harm others by ganging up on a single person and it is crazy how teenagers nowadays look at bullying as a fun thing to do to past time and if they can’t do it in person, they would do it over the internet through social media such as Facebook, twitter, instagram†¦etc. Most of the bullying is now done online by others because online one has the freedom of saying anything to others, which is the reason I do not allow my child to be on the internet for a long time. I give hi m a time limit to be on the web. According to stopbullying.gov; the statistics of bullying nationwide; about 28% of students from 6-12 in the U.S alone have experienced bullying on a daily basis at school, while 30% of students in schools have admitted to bullying others. Also 71% of students have seen bullying occur in front of them and decided to ostracized their classmates while 70.4% of school staff have seen bullying occur and never intervene, which proves that our children are not safe in an institutionalized place. In spite of the statistics, bullying occurs mostly to boys than girls, I say that because my son was bullied by other students when he started schooling in middle school. He was bullied and never told me until he decided to take matter in his own hands by defending himself and the school called me about it. Bullying affects the victim morally by decreasing one’s self-esteem and his quality of life in school. For example: I remember when my son told me that w hen he was bullied, he always found himself in constant tension, fear and anxiety. By leaving with those feelings every time one goes to school, one becomes pessimistic and stressed which may lead to change on one’s view on the quality of life and a decline in one’s health. I remember my son not wanting to eat sometimes. Bullying can affect academically by hampering one’s education due to fear which creates a lack of concentration, missing classes and sometimes school days. It can affect one isolate himself from others and become ostracized by his fellow peers and bullying can increase aggression in the bulled. Like I mentioned earlier, about my son handling his case of bullying, he handled his

Securitarization of Africa Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Securitarization of Africa - Literature review Example r, the modern world dictates that the security of Africa take center-stage in addressing the greatest challenge of the 21st century which is global terrorism, with Africa posing a major risk to the west in this front (Abrahamsen, 2005:57). Therefore, the morality basis of acting, rather than the pure militarization approach is the focus of the Labour Party towards resolving the African problem. However, the major criticism of the securitization approach to Africa is that the African threat has not merited such emergency actions. The desirability of the securitization approach as the means of developing Africa is likely to develop the threat-vulnerability policy approach, which tends to isolate the continent from the perceived enemies (Abrahamsen, 2005:61). Thus, securitization of Africa might be both undesirable and inadequate to address the social economic problem of Africa that is characterized by underdevelopment, since the approach is merely based on the perceived relationship be tween Africa and international security problem of terrorism (Abrahamsen, 2005:75). Thus, while making an issue a security agenda can give the issue useful political priority, the future of development of Africa needs to be thought from a multiplicity of

Introduction to Organisations and Management Essay - 3

Introduction to Organisations and Management - Essay Example To what extent and in what specificity the businesses differ would be analysed in a critical and comparative way in the next parts of this report. Understanding the structural and design differences of the organizations. The importance of an organization’s structure is not only in defining the firm’s formal reporting relationships, procedures, authority, control and decision making process but it also works effectively as a tool of implementing strategy. The organizational structure plays an important part in defining how the work is done and by whom it is done, how managers work and also define the accountability of individuals within the organization (Hitt et. al, 2009). Various organizations can implement different forms of organizational structure in accordance to their strategic goals and objectives. The major types of structure that are widely used across most organizations can be put into 4 categories: The Functional Structure, The Divisional Structure, The Matri x Structure and the Horizontally linked structure. The functional structure groups people of similar set of skills together under a department managed by an individual having knowledge of such skills. The Divisional Structure is rather concerned with putting together a group with similar abilities required for various works or departments across the organization. The Matrix structure brings together a group of people from an already existing department to work in another function where their set of skills may be useful, besides working in their pre designated department. Under the Horizontally linked structure the organizations group its workers depending upon the activity and processes it puts in place to offer its services (Wheelen & Hunger, 2010). Putting together the understanding of the above theories of organizational structure and looking at the two organizations of the case study, a distinct difference can be seen of how both organizations are set up and working. Watson Engi ne Components looks to be working on a stricter approach of the Functional Structure whereas H&M Consulting is inclined more towards a Matrix Structure. However one can also argue that while catering to different projects with different set of skills through a networked structure it implements more than a single organizational structure to enhance its performance. This thought is also put forward by C.W. Fontaine who says that often organizations with tens of thousands of people, implement different organizational structures to benefit different parts of the organization. (Fontaine, 2007) The criticality of such structural differences It is not only important to understand what differences lie between two organizations, but is also important to fully evaluate why such difference exist and what are the resulting effects on both. In the case of Watson Engine Components, the impact of being formed as a family business has probably played a decisive role in setting the organization stru cture and working policies. More so the business operates within a single type of production and engages a substantial level of blue-collar workers who are highly unionised. These issues probably have not escalated in a single day but working over a period of time under a certain structure has definitely made the organization heavily hierarchical. This coupled with lack of communication between employers and